Difference between revisions of "House Gardener"

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{{Noble House  
 
{{Noble House  
 
| House_name = House Gardener of [[Highgarden]]
 
| House_name = House Gardener of [[Highgarden]]
| image        = [[File:House Gardner.PNG|250px]]
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| image        = [[File:House Gardener.svg|250px]]
 
| image_caption =  
 
| image_caption =  
 
| Coat_of_arms = Argent, a hand couped vert
 
| Coat_of_arms = Argent, a hand couped vert
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| Seat = [[Highgarden]]
 
| Seat = [[Highgarden]]
 
| Current_Lord = Extinct
 
| Current_Lord = Extinct
| Region = [[The Reach]]
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| Region = The [[Reach]]
 
| Title = [[King of the Reach]]<br>Lord of [[Highgarden]]
 
| Title = [[King of the Reach]]<br>Lord of [[Highgarden]]
 
| Heir =
 
| Heir =
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| Founded = [[Age of Heroes]]
 
| Founded = [[Age of Heroes]]
 
| Founder = [[Garth the Gardener]]
 
| Founder = [[Garth the Gardener]]
| Died_out = {{date|1}} in the [[War of Conquest]]
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| Died_out = [[Years before Aegon's Conquest|1 BC]] in the [[War of Conquest]]
 
}}
 
}}
  
'''House Gardener of Highgarden''' is the extinct house of the old and famed [[King of the Reach|Kings]] of the [[Reach]]. Beginning with the mythical first king [[Garth the Gardener]] the Gardeners ruled, through war and peace and the assimilation with the [[Andal]] [[Andal invasion|invaders]], down the generations, until the last Gardener king [[Mern IX Gardener]] and his kin were killed at the [[Field of Fire]] in the [[War of Conquest]].
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'''House Gardener of Highgarden''' is the extinct house of the old and famed [[King of the Reach|Kings]] of the [[Reach]]. Beginning with the mythical first king [[Garth the Gardener]], the Gardeners ruled, through war and peace and the assimilation with the [[Andal]] [[Andal invasion|invaders]], down the generations, until the last Gardener king [[Mern IX Gardener]] and his kin were killed at the [[Field of Fire]] in the [[War of Conquest]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest}}
  
Their seat was [[Highgarden]], and the Gardener kings sat upon a living throne called the [[Oakenseat]] that grew from an oak that the mythical [[Garth Greenhand]] himself was reputedly said to have planted. The Kings of House Gardener wore crowns of vines and flowers when at peace, and crowns of bronze thorns (later iron) when they rode to war.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Gardener Kings}} Their blazon was a green hand over a white field.{{ref|tss}}<ref>The Citadel. Heraldry: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/Heraldry/Houses/7/ Houses in the Reach]</ref>
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The kings of House Gardener initially ruled the [[Reach proper]], focused on [[Highgarden]] and the [[Mander]] river,{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach}} but over time they used their claim of descending from Garth the Gardener to claim supremacy over neighboring kings and [[lord]]s.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} Their seat was Highgarden where many Gardener kings (and one queen) sat upon a living throne called the [[Oakenseat]] that grew from an oak that the mythical [[Garth Greenhand]] himself was reputedly said to have planted, until the throne's destruction during the reign of [[Garth X Gardener]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
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The Kings of House Gardener wore crowns of vines and flowers when at peace, and crowns of bronze thorns (later iron) when they rode to war.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} Their blazon was a green hand over a white field,{{ref|tss}}<ref>The Citadel. Heraldry: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/Heraldry/Houses/7/ Houses in the Reach]</ref> which inspired the chivalric [[Order of the Green Hand]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Highgarden}}
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
===First Men Kings===
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===Age of Heroes===
The Gardeners claimed descent from the mythical [[Garth Greenhand]] who according to legend is said to have been the High King who lead the [[First Men]] across the [[Arm of Dorne]] and is the ancestor of numerous noble houses in the Reach. His firstborn child was [[Garth the Gardener]], the legendary first King of the Reach who reigned in the Age of Heroes and the founder of House Gardener.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach}} According to legend, Garth the Gardener made his home on the hill atop the [[Mander]] river that in time would become known as Highgarden, and wore a crown of vines and flowers. From his loins sprang House Gardener, whose kings would rule the Reach for many thousands of years.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach}}
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The Gardeners claimed descent from the mythical [[Garth Greenhand]], who, according to legends from the Reach, is said to have been the High King of the [[First Men]] and common ancestor of numerous noble houses from the Reach.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Garth Greenhand}} His firstborn child was [[Garth the Gardener]], the legendary first King of the Reach who reigned in the [[Age of Heroes]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Garth Greenhand}} According to legend, Garth the Gardener made his home on the hill atop the [[Mander]] river that in time would become known as Highgarden, and wore a crown of vines and flowers. From his loins sprang House Gardener, whose kings would rule the Reach for many thousands of years.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Garth Greenhand}}
  
The Gardener kings initially ruled the [[Reach proper]], although over time they expanded their territory. The western marches between [[Horn Hill]] and [[Nightsong]] would come to be added to the Gardener's domain. King [[Garth III Gardener|Garth III]] (the Great) extended the borders of his realm northward, winning [[Old Oak]], [[Red Lake]], and [[Goldengrove]] with pacts of friendship and mutual defence. [[Meryn III Gardener|Meryn III]] brought the [[Arbor]] into the Kingdom and made [[House Redwyne]] his vassals after his cousin, the last King of the Arbor, was lost at sea.{{ref|TWOIAF| Oldtown}} Not long after, King [[Garland II Gardener|Garland II]] (the Bridegroom) brought [[House Hightower]] of [[Oldtown]] and their domains into the realm by wedding his daughter to [[Lymond Hightower]] whilst putting aside his own wives to marry Lord Lymand's daughter.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Gardener Kings}} King [[Gwayne III Gardener|Gwayne III]] (the Fat) persuaded Lords [[House Manderly|Manderly]] and [[House Peake|Peake]] to accept his judgement on their quarrel, and do fealty for their lands without any bloodshed. [[John II Gardener|John II ]] (the Tall) sailed his barge up the [[Mander]] to its headwaters, planting the Gardener banner wherever he went and receiving homage from lords and petty kings. {{ref|TWOIAF| The Gardener Kings}}
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The Gardener kings initially ruled the [[Reach proper]], although over time they expanded their territory. The western marches between [[Horn Hill]] and [[Nightsong]] were eventually added to the Gardeners' domain. [[Old Oak]], [[Red Lake]], and [[Goldengrove]] joined the realm with pacts of friendship and mutual defense with [[Garth III Gardener|Garth III]] (the Great).{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} [[Meryn III Gardener|Meryn III]] brought the [[Arbor]] into the kingdom and made [[House Redwyne]] his vassals after his cousin, the last [[King of the Arbor]], was lost at sea.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Oldtown}} Not long after, King [[Garland II Gardener|Garland II]] (the Bridegroom) brought [[House Hightower]] of [[Oldtown]] and their domains into the realm by wedding his daughter to Lord [[Lymond Hightower]] and putting aside his own [[Polygamy|wives]] to marry Lymond's daughter.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Oldtown}} King [[Gwayne III Gardener|Gwayne III]] (the Fat) resolved the quarrel between Lords [[House Manderly|Manderly]] and [[House Peake|Peake]] and accepted fealty for their lands without bloodshed. [[John II Gardener|John II]] (the Tall) received homage from lords and petty kings as he sailed his barge to the headwaters of the Mander.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}}
  
The Gardener kings often warred with the [[Ironborn]], sometimes in alliance with the [[Kings of the Rock]] and the Lords of [[Oldtown]], and sometimes alone. No fewer than six Gardener kings died in battle against the Ironmen, amongst them [[Gareth II Gardener|Gareth II]] (the Grim) and [[Garth VI Gardener|Garth VI]] (the Morningstar), whilst [[Gyles II Gardener|Gyles II]] was taken captive and tortured to death by a [[High King of the Iron Islands]], and then cut into small pieces to bait his captor's hooks. Other warrior kings from this time include [[Garth V Gardener|Garth V]] (Hammer of the Dornish), [[Gwayne I Gardener|Gwayne I]] (the Gallant), [[Gyles I Gardener|Gyles I]] (the Woe), and [[Gordan I Gardener|Gordan I]] (Grey-Eyes).{{ref|TWOIAF| The Gardener Kings}}
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Legendary Warrior kings from this time include [[Garth V Gardener|Garth V]] (Hammer of the Dornish), [[Gwayne I Gardener|Gwayne I]] (the Gallant), [[Gyles I Gardener|Gyles I]] (the Woe), and [[Gordan I Gardener|Gordan I]] (Grey-Eyes).{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} The Gardener kings often warred with the [[ironborn]], sometimes in alliance with the [[Kings of the Rock]] and the Lords of [[Oldtown]].{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} At least six Gardener kings died in battle against the ironborn, including [[Gareth II Gardener|Gareth II]] (the Grim), [[Garth VI Gardener|Garth VI]] (the Morningstar), and [[Gyles II Gardener|Gyles II]], the last of whom was tortured to death by [[Joron I Blacktyde]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}}{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Iron Islands: Driftwood Crowns}}
  
 
===The Golden Reign===
 
===The Golden Reign===
The greatest of all the Gardener Kings was King [[Garth VII Gardener]], known as the Goldenhand, for his deeds both in war and in peace. Ascending to the Oakenseat at age twelve, Garth ruled for eighty-one years, of which less than ten were spent at war. In the few times Garth Goldenhand did go to war he utterly trounced his adversaries. As a boy he turned back King [[Ferris Fowler]]'s attempt to invade from [[Dorne]], drove the Ironborn from their strongholds on the [[Shield Islands]] and fortified them with men from the Reach, and divided an alliance between the King of the Rock and [[Storm King]] before defeating both in the [[Battle of Three Armies]] and dictating the boundaries of their three kingdoms in the aftermath.
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The greatest of the Gardeners was King [[Garth VII Gardener]], known as the Goldenhand, for his deeds both in war and in peace.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}} Ascending to the Oakenseat at age twelve, Garth ruled for eighty-one years, of which less than ten were spent at war. In the few times Garth Goldenhand did go to war he utterly trounced his adversaries. As a boy he defeated an invasion of [[Dornishmen]] by King [[Ferris Fowler]], then drove the ironborn from the [[Shield Islands]] and fortified them with men from the Reach. Garth VII divided an alliance between the King of the Rock and [[Storm King]], defeating both in the [[Battle of Three Armies]], and dictated the boundaries of their three kingdoms in the aftermath.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}}
  
But Garth's main priority was keeping the peace, and his greatest accomplishment was giving his people three-quarters of a century of golden peace. Generations of boys were born and grew to manhood, sired children of their own and died without ever having to know what it was to grasp a spear and shield and march away to war. And with this long peace came an unprecedented prosperity. Garth's rule would in time became known as the [[Golden Reign]], and was when the Reach truly flowered.
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Garth's greatest accomplishment was giving his people three-quarters of a century of golden peace, bringing an unprecedented prosperity. Garth's rule became known as the [[Golden Reign]], and was when the Reach truly flowered.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: The Gardener Kings}}
  
 
===Arrival of the Andals===
 
===Arrival of the Andals===
 
:{{See also|Three Sage Kings}}
 
:{{See also|Three Sage Kings}}
  
Long before the [[Andals]] arrived in the Reach, the Gardener Kings had become aware of their coming after crossing the [[Narrow Sea]]. The Kings of the Reach observed from afar all the fighting first in the [[Vale]], and then as it spread to the [[stormlands]] and the [[riverlands]], taking note of all that happened. Wisely, the Gardeners avoided making the same mistake of the [[First Men]] Vale Lords of allying with the Andal invaders against local rivals, and set about instead taking precautions against possible Andal invasions.  
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The Kings of the Reach observed the [[Andal invasion]] of the [[Vale of Arryn|Vale]], [[stormlands]], and the [[riverlands]] from afar. Instead of allying with the invaders against other [[First Men]], they took precautions against possible Andal invasions. King [[Gwayne IV Gardener|Gwayne IV]] (the Gods-fearing) sought aid from the [[children of the forest]], while [[Mern II Gardener|Mern II]] (the Mason) constructed a new curtain wall around Highgarden and encouraged his bannermen to do the same. [[Mern III Gardener|Mern III]] (the Madling) supported a [[woods witch]] who claimed she could raise armies of the dead. The anticipated Andal attacks never occurred, however. When the disunited Andals eventually reached the realm of the Gardeners generations later, however, they were welcomed by the [[Three Sage Kings]]. {{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
 
 
King [[Gwayne IV Gardener|Gwayne IV]] (the Gods-fearing) sent out his warriors to find the [[Children of the Forest]], hoping their magic would turn back the Andal invaders. [[Mern II Gardener|Mern II]] (the Mason) constructed a new curtain wall around Highgarden and commanded his Lord Bannermen likewise to see to their own defences. [[Mern III Gardener|Mern III]] (the Madling) showered Gold and honors on a woods witch who claimed that she could raise armies of the dead to repulse the Andals back.
 
 
 
However, none of the anticipated great battles ever came to pass and generations passed until the time of the [[Three Sage Kings]] who followed one other on the Oakenseat: [[Garth IX Gardener|Garth IX]], his son [[Merle I Gardener| Merle I]] (the Meek), and his grandson [[Gwayne V Gardener|Gwayne V]]. The Three Sage Kings were a trio of cunning and wise Kings of the Reach who dealt with the Andal invasion with a policy of accord and assimilation rather then armed resistance.
 
 
 
The first of the Sage Kings, Garth IX Gardener brought a [[Septon]] to his court and made him part of his councils. The first [[Sept]] at Highgarden was built during Garth’s reign, although he would continue worshipping the [[Old Gods]]. Garth was succeeded by his son Merle I. Unlike his father, Merle converted to the [[Faith of the Seven]] and become its leal patron, helping to fund and build Septs and Septries and motherhouses all across the Reach. Merle’s son and successor Gwayne V was the first Gardener King born into the new Faith, as well as the first to be made a [[knight]].
 
 
 
All Three Sage Kings took Andals into their service as knights and retainers. Ser [[Alester Tyrell]], the founder of [[House Tyrell]], was made Gwayne V’s champion and sworn shield. Merle I and Gwayne V both took Andal maidens as their wives, as a means to bind the bride’s fathers to the Gardener’s realm. The Three Sage Kings also bequeathed lands and lordships for the more powerful of the Andal kings descending on the Reach in exchange for pledges of fealty. Many noble houses of the Reach can trace their ancestry back to Andal adventurers given lands and wives by the Three Sage Kings. The Gardeners also sought Andal craftsmen, specially blacksmiths and stonemasons, and encouraged their lords bannermen to do the same. Thus the First Men of the Reach learned to arm and armor themselves in iron instead of bronze and strengthen their castles with Andal masonry. Though some of the new-made lords broke their vows in later years, most remained loyal and helped their kings and liege lords put down the rebels and also defend the Reach from invading Andal petty kings and warbands.{{Ref|TWOIAF| Andals in the Reach}}
 
  
===Later Rule===
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The Three Sage Kings who followed one another on the Oakenseat — [[Garth IX Gardener|Garth IX]], his son [[Merle I Gardener|Merle I]] (the Meek), and his grandson [[Gwayne V Gardener|Gwayne V]] — were a trio of cunning and wise kings who used a policy of accord and assimilation with the Andals rather than armed resistance. Although he continued to worship the [[old gods]], Garth IX made a [[septon]] part of his councils and the first [[sept]] at Highgarden was built during his reign. Merle I converted to the [[Faith of the Seven]] and become its patron, helping to fund and build septs, septries, and motherhouses across the Reach. Gwayne V was the first Gardener King born into the new Faith, as well as the first to be made a [[knight]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
The centuries that followed the assimilation with the Andals were to prove less peaceful. The Gardener kings who succeeded to the [[Oakenseat]] included strong and weak men, clever men and fools, and one time even a woman, but few had the wisdom and cunning of the Three Sage Kings, so the golden peace of Garth VII did not come again.{{Ref|TWOIAF| Andals in the Reach}}
 
  
In the long epoch between the assimilation of the Andals and the [[War of Conquest]], the Kings of the Reach constantly warred with their neighbours in a perpetual struggle for land, power and glory. The Kings of the Rock, the Storm Kings, the many quarrelsome kings of Dorne, and the [[Kings of the Rivers and the Hills]] could all be counted amongst their foes, and ofttimes amongst their allies as well.{{Ref|TWOIAF| Andals in the Reach}}
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The Three Sage Kings took Andals into their service as knights and retainers. Ser [[Alester Tyrell]], the founder of [[House Tyrell]], was made Gwayne V's champion and sworn shield.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: House Tyrell}} Merle I and Gwayne V married Andal maidens to bind their fathers to the Gardener realm.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}} The three kings also bequeathed lands, wives, and lordships for the more powerful of the Andals descending on the Reach in exchange for pledges of fealty; numerous houses of the Reach trace their ancestry back to these Andal adventurers.
  
Highgarden reached the apex of its power under King [[Gyles III Gardener]]. Taking the majority of his forces with him, Gyles rode out to war against the Storm King and conquered all the lands north of the [[Rainwood]] save for [[Storm's End]], which he besieged for two years without result. Gyles might well have completed his conquest, but while he was away with his army in the east the Reach was attacked by the [[Lancel V Lannister|King of the Rock]], forcing Gyles to lift the siege of Storm's End and hurry home to deal with the [[westermen]].{{ref|TSS}} A new broader war followed, involving three [[Dorne|Dornish]] kings and two from the [[Riverlands]], and ended with Gyles III dead of a [[bloody flux]] and the borders between the realms restored to more or less what they had been before hostilities began.{{ref|twoiaf| Andals in the Reach}}
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The Gardeners also encouraged Andal craftsmen, specially blacksmiths and stonemasons, to settle throughout the Reach, supplying them and their bannermen with iron instead of bronze and strengthening their castles with Andal masonry. Most new lords remained loyal and helped the Gardeners against internal and external threats. [[Maester]] [[Yandel]] writes that seldom had a conquest been achieved with less bloodshed.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
  
The nadir of Gardener power came during the long reign of King [[Garth X Gardener|Garth X]], called Garth Greybeard. Neither wise nor clever, Garth became vain and frivolous, surrounded himself with fools and flatterers, and lost his wits entirely in old age, becoming the fool of one faction and then another. Near the end of his reign a problem arose with the succession as the elderly and senile Garth had fathered no sons and only daughters, one of whom had married [[House Manderly|Lord Manderly]] and another to [[House Peake|Lord Peake]], and each lord was determined that his wife should succeed Garth Greybeard. The rivalry between them was marked by betrayal, conspiracy, and murder, finally escalating into open war with other lords joining the cause of both sides.
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===Andal Kings===
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The centuries that followed the assimilation with the Andals were less peaceful, and the Gardener kings (and one queen) varied in wisdom and strength. The Kings of the Reach constantly warred against and allied with the [[Kings of the Rock]], the [[Storm Kings]], the many kings from Dorne, and the [[Kings of the Rivers and the Hills]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
  
With the Kingdom of the Reach in chaos and the King too feeble to grasp what was occurring, much less stop it, the Storm King and the King of the Rock seized the opportunity and took large swathes of territory, while Dornish raids grew bolder and more frequent. One Dornish king besieged [[Oldtown]], while another crossed the [[Mander]] and sacked Highgarden. The Oakenseat was chopped to pieces whilst the senile King Garth was also killed, soiled and whimpering in his bed. Highgarden was then put to the torch after being striped of all its wealth. The anarchy that followed lasted almost a decade until Ser [[Osmund Tyrell]], the [[High Steward of Highgarden]], made common cause with the other lords of the Reach and defeated both the Peakes and the Manderlys, reclaimed the ruins of Highgarden, and placed a second cousin of the late king Gath X upon its new throne who ascended as King [[Mern VI Gardener]].{{ref|TWOIAF| Andals in the Reach}}
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During the minority of King [[Garland VI Gardener]], a member of House Tyrell ruled the Reach in his name as [[regent]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: House Tyrell}}
  
Although a man of modest gifts, Mern ruled well, rebuilding Highgarden and doing much and more to restore the power of the Reach and House Gardener, relying on the counsel of his Stewards: Ser Osmund, and later Osmund's son Ser [[Robert Tyrell]], and finally Robert's son [[Lorent Tyrell (steward)|Lorent Tyrell]].{{Ref|twoiaf| Andals in the Reach}} Mern's son [[Garth XI Gardener|Garth XI]], did the rest, taking such a terrible vengeance upon the Dornish that the then Lord of the [[House Hightower|Hightower]] said the [[Red Mountains]] had been green until Garth XI painted them with Dornish blood.{{ref|TWOIAF| Andals in the Reach}}
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King [[Gyles III Gardener]] conquered from the Storm King all the lands north of the [[rainwood]] save for [[Storm's End]]. While he was away, the Reach was attacked by [[Lancel IV Lannister]], forcing Gyles to deal with the [[westermen]].{{ref|TSS}} A new broader war followed, involving three Dornish kings and two river kings, and ended with Gyles III dead of a [[bloody flux]] and his conquests abandoned.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
  
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The long reign of King [[Garth X Gardener|Garth X]], known as Garth Greybeard, witnessed the nadir of Gardener power. The elderly and senile Garth had sired only daughters, who were married to the rival Lords [[House Manderly|Manderly]] and [[House Peake|Peake]]. Once the rival lords began warring, the [[House Lannister|Lannisters]], [[House Durrandon|Durrandons]], and Dornish attack the kingdom. A Dornish king sacked Highgarden, killed Garth Greybeard, and destroyed the [[Oakenseat]]. The anarchy that followed lasted almost a decade until Ser [[Osmund Tyrell]], the [[High Steward of Highgarden]], made common cause with the other lords of the Reach and defeated both the Peakes and the Manderlys, reclaimed the ruins of Highgarden, and supported [[Mern VI Gardener]], a second cousin of Garth, as king. Although a man of only modest gifts, Mern VI was able to rebuild Highgarden and restore the power of the Reach and House Gardener, relying on the counsel of his stewards: Osmund Tyrell, Osmund's son Ser [[Robert Tyrell|Robert]] — who was allowed to marry his youngest daughter in gratitude — and Robert's son [[Lorent Tyrell (steward)|Lorent]]. Mern's son [[Garth XI Gardener|Garth XI]] (the Painter) retaliated against the Dornish by invading the [[Red Mountains]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reach: Andals in the Reach}}
  
Approximately a thousand years ago Lord [[Lorimar Peake]] drove [[House Manderly]] from the Reach at the behest of King [[Perceon III Gardener]] who feared the Manderly's growing influence and power in the Reach.{{ref|TWOIAF| The Kings of Winter}} The Manderlys fled from the [[Mander]] for the [[White Knife]] in the [[North]].{{ref|TSS}}{{Ref|ADWD|9}}{{ref|ADWD|19}} King [[Greydon Gardener]] attempted an invasion of Dorne, but was thrown back by [[Nymeria]].{{ref|TWOIAF| Ten Thousand Ships}} King [[Garse VII Gardener|Garse VII]] was killed by the last Storm King [[Argilac Durrandon|Argilac the Arrogant]] at the [[Battle of Summerfield]].
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Approximately a thousand years ago Lord [[Lorimar Peake]] drove [[House Manderly]] from the Reach at the behest of King [[Perceon III Gardener]] who feared the Manderlys' growing power in the Reach.{{ref|TWOIAF| The North: The Kings of Winter}} The Manderlys fled from the [[Mander]] for the [[White Knife]] in the [[north]].{{ref|TSS}}{{Ref|ADWD|9}}{{ref|ADWD|19}} King [[Greydon Gardener]] attempted an invasion of Dorne, but was thrown back by [[Nymeria]].{{ref|TWOIAF| Ancient History: Ten Thousand Ships}} King [[Garse VII Gardener|Garse VII]] was slain by the Storm King, [[Argilac Durrandon|Argilac the Arrogant]] at the [[Battle of Summerfield]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest}}
  
 
===War of Conquest and Extinction===
 
===War of Conquest and Extinction===
:{{See also|Field of Fire}}
 
 
 
[[File:Field of Fire.jpg|thumb|300px|End of House Gardener on the [[Field of Fire]]]]
 
[[File:Field of Fire.jpg|thumb|300px|End of House Gardener on the [[Field of Fire]]]]
House Gardener died out in the [[House Targaryen|Targaryen]] [[War of Conquest]] three hundred years before the time of the [[War of the Five Kings]]. When [[Aegon I Targaryen|Aegon the Conqueror]] invaded [[Westeros]], King [[Mern IX Gardener|Mern IX]] joined forces with King [[Loren Lannister|Loren I]] of the Rock to put an end to the invaders.The two armies came togeather amongst the wide open plains south of the river [[Blackwater]], near where the [[Goldroad]] would one day run.
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House Gardener died out in the [[House Targaryen|Targaryen]] [[War of Conquest]] almost three hundred years before ''[[A Song of Ice and Fire]]''. When [[Aegon I Targaryen|Aegon the Conqueror]] invaded [[Westeros]], King [[Mern IX Gardener]] joined with [[Loren I Lannister]], [[King of the Rock]], to put an end to [[House Targaryen]] at what would become known as the [[Field of Fire]].{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest}}
  
King Mern demanded, since he had brought half as many more men to the battle, he should have the honor of commanding the center of the combined Reach-[[Westerlands]] army, and he led the charge against Aegon's army alongside his kin. A major battle was then fought in which the forces of the two kings met the Targaryen army. The Targaryen host broke, but by then Aegon and his sisters had taken to the air on their [[dragons]].
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Mern commanded the center of the combined army and led the charge against Aegon's forces. The host of [[House Targaryen]] eventually broke, but by then Aegon and his sisters, [[Visenya Targaryen|Visenya]] and [[Rhaenys Targaryen|Rhaenys]], had taken to the air on their [[dragons]]. The dragons killed four thousand men of the combined army, among them Mern and his sons, grandsons, brothers, cousins, and other kin.{{Ref|AGOT|13}}  One nephew of King Mern survived, but he died of his burns three days later, ending House Gardener.{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest}}
  
The dragons killed 4,000 men of the combined [[Lannister]]-Gardener army, among them King Mern alongside all of his sons, grandsons, brothers, cousins, and other kin.{{ref|AGOT|13}} Another thousand men perished from sword and spears and arrows. The battle become known afterward as the [[Field of Fire]]. One nephew of King Mern survived, but he died of his burns three days later. When he died, House Gardener died with him.
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Mern's High Steward, [[Harlen Tyrell]], surrendered [[Highgarden]] to [[Aegon I Targaryen]], pledging fealty. Aegon named Harlen the [[Lord Paramount of the Mander]] and the Lord of Highgarden, and granted Harlen dominion over the Reach in exchange for his submission to the [[Iron Throne]].{{Ref|AGOT|Appendix}}{{Ref|TWOIAF| The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest}}
  
 
===Legacy===
 
===Legacy===
Mern's High Steward, [[Harlen Tyrell]], surrendered [[Highgarden]] to Aegon, pledging fealty. Aegon named Harlen Lord of Highgarden and given dominion over the Reach in exchange for his submission to the [[Iron Throne]].{{ref|AGOT|Appendix}} Many of the noble houses from the Reach can trace their descent back to Garth Greenhand, a fact that is often used to boast of a better claim than the [[House Tyrell|Tyrells]] as the rightful rulers of the Reach (the Tyrells are descendants of the Gardeners only through the female line). Among the houses with Garth Greenhand as an ancestor are the [[House Florent|Florents]], the [[House Rowan|Rowans]], the [[House Oakheart|Oakhearts]], and many others. {{ref|ASOS|61}}
+
Many of the noble houses from the Reach trace their descent back to [[Garth Greenhand]], a fact that is often used to boast of a better claim than the [[House Tyrell|Tyrells]] as the rightful rulers of the Reach, as the Tyrells are descendants of the Gardeners only through the female line. Houses with Garth Greenhand as an ancestor are the [[House Florent|Florents]], the [[House Rowan|Rowans]], the [[House Oakheart|Oakhearts]], and many others.{{Ref|ASOS|61}}
  
Golden [[currency]] from the time of the Gardeners is still in use, albeit rare.{{Ref|aFfC|7}}{{Ref|aFfC|16}} The coins are named ''Hands'', each worth roughly half a Gold Dragon,{{Ref|aFfC|16}} and feature the Hand sigil of House Gardener on one side and the likeness of the current king on the other side. They are known to have been made with [[Garth XII Gardener|Garth XII]]'s effigy.{{Ref|aFfC|7}}
+
Golden [[currency]] from the time of the Gardeners is still in use, albeit rare.{{Ref|AFFC|7}}{{Ref|AFFC|16}} The coins are named ''hands'', each worth roughly half a gold dragon,{{Ref|AFFC|16}} and feature the hand sigil of House Gardener on one side and the likeness of the current king on the other side. They are known to have been made with [[Garth XII Gardener|Garth XII]]'s effigy.{{Ref|AFFC|7}}
  
 
==Historical Members==
 
==Historical Members==
No precise lineage or exact chronology of House Gardner is known. Beginning with the mythical first king [[Garth the Gardener]], the Gardeners ruled as [[King of the Reach|Kings of the Reach]] until the last Gardener King [[Mern IX Gardener|Mern IX]] rode out to meet [[Aegon I Targaryen|Aegon the Conqueror]] and [[Visenya Targaryen|his]] [[Rhaenys Targaryen|sisters]] upon the [[Field of Fire]].
+
No precise lineage or chronology of House Gardner is known. Beginning with the mythical first king [[Garth the Gardener]], the Gardeners ruled as [[King of the Reach|Kings of the Reach]] until the last Gardener king, [[Mern IX Gardener|Mern IX]], rode out to meet [[Aegon I Targaryen|Aegon the Conqueror]] and his sisters, [[Visenya Targaryen|Visenya]] and [[Rhaenys Targaryen|Rhaenys]], upon the [[Field of Fire]].
  
*King [[Garth the Gardener]], the mythical first King of the Reach, apocryphal son of [[Garth Greenhand]].
+
*King [[Garth the Gardener]], mythical founder of House Gardener and the first King of the Reach, first son of [[Garth Greenhand]].
*King [[Garth III Gardener|Garth III]], called "''the Great''".
+
*King [[Garth III Gardener]], called "''the Great''", who expanded the borders of the Reach northward.
*King [[Garth V Gardener|Garth V]], called "''Hammer of the Dornish''".
+
*King [[Garth V Gardener]], called "''Hammer of the Dornish''".
*King [[Gwayne I Gardener|Gwayne I]], called "''the Gallant''".
+
*King [[Gwayne I Gardener]], called "''the Gallant''".
*King [[Gyles I Gardener|Gyles I]], called "''the Woe''", who reportedly sold three quarters of Oldtown's population into slavery.
+
*King [[Gyles I Gardener]], called "''the Woe''", who reportedly sold three quarters of [[Oldtown]]'s population into slavery.
*King [[Meryn III Gardener|Meryn III]], who brought the [[Arbor]] into the realm.
+
*King [[Meryn III Gardener]], who brought the [[Arbor]] into the realm.
*King [[Garland II Gardener|Garland II]], called "''the Bridegroom''", who brought [[Oldtown]] into the realm.
+
*King [[Garland II Gardener]], called "''the Bridegroom''", who brought Oldtown into the realm.
*King [[Gwayne III Gardener|Gwayne III]], called "''the Fat''".
+
**a daughter married to Lord [[Lymond Hightower]].
*King [[John II Gardener|John II]], called "''the Tall''".
+
*King [[Gwayne III Gardener]], called "''the Fat''".
*King [[Gareth II Gardener|Gareth II]], called "''the Grim''".
+
*King [[John II Gardener]], called "''the Tall''".
*King [[Garth VI Gardener|Garth VI]], called "''the Morningstar''".
+
*King [[Gareth II Gardener]], called "''the Grim''", died in battle against the [[ironborn]].
*King [[Gyles II Gardener|Gyles II]], who was tortured and then cut into small pieces to bait his [[Ironborn]] captor's hooks.
+
*King [[Garth VI Gardener]], called "''the Morningstar''", died in battle against the ironborn.
*King [[Gordan I Gardener|Gordan I]], called "''Grey-Eyes''".
+
*King [[Gyles II Gardener]], who was tortured and then cut into small pieces to bait his ironborn captor's hooks.
*King [[Garth VII Gardener|Garth VII]], called "''the Goldenhand''" or "''Garth Goldenhand''", greatest of all the Gardener Kings. His rule is known as the [[Golden Reign]].
+
*King [[Gordan I Gardener]], called "''Grey-Eyes''".
*King [[Gwayne IV Gardener|Gwayne IV]], called "''the Gods-fearing''".
+
*King [[Garth VII Gardener]], called "''the Goldenhand''" or "''Garth Goldenhand''", greatest of all the Gardener Kings. His rule is known as the [[Golden Reign]].
*King [[Mern II Gardener|Mern II]], called "''the Mason''".
+
**a daughter married to the heir of [[House Lannister]].
*King [[Mern III Gardener|Mern III]], called "''the Madling''".
+
**a daughter married to the heir of [[House Durrandon]].
*King [[Garth IX Gardener|Garth IX]].
+
**a great-grandson, his successor.
**King [[Merle I Gardener|Merle I]], called "''the Meek''", his son and successor.
+
*King [[Gwayne IV Gardener]], called "''the Gods-fearing''", who sought out the [[children of the forest]] to repel the [[Andal]] invaders.
***King [[Gwayne V Gardener|Gwayne V]], his grandson, Merle I's son and successor. The first Gardener king born into the [[Faith of the Seven]], as well as the first to be made a [[knight]].
+
*King [[Mern II Gardener]], called "''the Mason''", built a new curtain wall about [[Highgarden]].
*King [[Garland VI Gardener|Garland VI]].
+
*King [[Mern III Gardener]], called "''the Madling''".
*King [[Gyles III Gardener|Gyles III]], under whose rule [[Highgarden]] reached the apex of its power.  
+
*King [[Garth IX Gardener]], first of the [[Three Sage Kings]].
*King [[Garth X Gardener|Garth X]], called "''Garth Greybeard''", under his long reign House Gardener reached the nadir of their power.
+
**King [[Merle I Gardener]], called "''the Meek''", his son and successor. First Gardener king to worship the [[Faith of the Seven]]. Second of the Three Sage Kings.
**King [[Mern VI Gardener|Mern VI]], his second cousin.
+
***King [[Gwayne V Gardener]], his grandson, Merle I's son and successor. The first Gardener king born into the Faith of the Seven, as well as the first to be made a [[knight]]. Last of the Three Sage Kings.
***King [[Garth XI Gardener|Garth XI]], called "''Garth the Painter''", his son and successor.
+
*King [[Garland VI Gardener]].
*King [[Greydon Gardener|Greydon]].
+
*King [[Gyles III Gardener]], under whose rule [[Highgarden]] reached the apex of its power.  
*King [[Perceon III Gardener|Perceon III]], who had [[House Manderly]] exiled from the Reach.
+
*King [[Garth X Gardener]], called "''Garth Greybeard''", under his long reign House Gardener reached the nadir of its power.
*King [[Garth XII Gardener|Garth XII]].
+
**a daughter married to [[House Manderly|Lord Manderly]].
*King [[Garse VII Gardener|Garse VII]], slain by the last Storm King, [[Argilac Durrandon|Argilac the Arrogant]], at the [[Battle of Summerfield]].
+
**a daughter married to [[House Peake|Lord Peake]].
*King [[Mern IX Gardener|Mern IX]], last of the Gardener Kings. Killed at the [[Field of Fire]] alongside his kin.
+
**King [[Mern VI Gardener]], his second cousin and successor.
 +
***King [[Garth XI Gardener]], called "''the Painter''", his son and successor.
 +
***his youngest daughter, married to Ser [[Robert Tyrell]].
 +
*King [[Greydon Gardener]].
 +
*King [[Perceon III Gardener]], who had House Manderly exiled from the Reach.
 +
**[[Gwayne Gardener (son of Perceon III)|Gwayne Gardener]], his son, married to Lord [[Lorimar Peake]]'s daughter.{{ref|fab|Under the Regents - War and Peace and Cattle Shows}}
 +
*King [[Garth XII Gardener]].
 +
*King [[Garse VII Gardener]], slain at the [[Battle of Summerfield]].
 +
*King [[Mern IX Gardener]], last of the Gardener Kings. Killed at the [[Field of Fire]] alongside his kin.
 
**Prince [[Edmund Gardener]], his son and heir.
 
**Prince [[Edmund Gardener]], his son and heir.
 
**Prince [[Gawen Gardener]], his son.
 
**Prince [[Gawen Gardener]], his son.
**Two other sons.
+
**two other sons.
**Two young grandsons.
+
**two young grandsons.
**A nephew, last of the Gardeners.
+
**a nephew, last of the Gardeners.
 +
** Brothers, cousins and other relatives of King Mern
  
==References and Notes==
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==References==
{{references|2}}
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{{References|2}}
  
 
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{{HousesReach}}
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[[Category:House Gardener| ]]
 
 
[[Category:House Gardener|*]]
 
 
[[Category:Noble houses|Gardener]]
 
[[Category:Noble houses|Gardener]]
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[[Category:Houses from the Reach|Gardener]]
 
[[Category:Extinct houses|Gardener]]
 
[[Category:Extinct houses|Gardener]]
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[[Category:Houses of First Men origin|Gardener]]
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[[es:Casa Gardener]]
 
[[es:Casa Gardener]]

Revision as of 13:08, 14 March 2019

House Gardener of Highgarden
House Gardener.svg
Coat of arms Argent, a hand couped vert
Seat Highgarden
Head Extinct
Region The Reach
Titles
Founder Garth the Gardener
Founded Age of Heroes
Died out 1 BC in the War of Conquest

House Gardener of Highgarden is the extinct house of the old and famed Kings of the Reach. Beginning with the mythical first king Garth the Gardener, the Gardeners ruled, through war and peace and the assimilation with the Andal invaders, down the generations, until the last Gardener king Mern IX Gardener and his kin were killed at the Field of Fire in the War of Conquest.[1]

The kings of House Gardener initially ruled the Reach proper, focused on Highgarden and the Mander river,[2] but over time they used their claim of descending from Garth the Gardener to claim supremacy over neighboring kings and lords.[3] Their seat was Highgarden where many Gardener kings (and one queen) sat upon a living throne called the Oakenseat that grew from an oak that the mythical Garth Greenhand himself was reputedly said to have planted, until the throne's destruction during the reign of Garth X Gardener.[4]

The Kings of House Gardener wore crowns of vines and flowers when at peace, and crowns of bronze thorns (later iron) when they rode to war.[3] Their blazon was a green hand over a white field,[5][6] which inspired the chivalric Order of the Green Hand.[7]

History

Age of Heroes

The Gardeners claimed descent from the mythical Garth Greenhand, who, according to legends from the Reach, is said to have been the High King of the First Men and common ancestor of numerous noble houses from the Reach.[8] His firstborn child was Garth the Gardener, the legendary first King of the Reach who reigned in the Age of Heroes.[8] According to legend, Garth the Gardener made his home on the hill atop the Mander river that in time would become known as Highgarden, and wore a crown of vines and flowers. From his loins sprang House Gardener, whose kings would rule the Reach for many thousands of years.[8]

The Gardener kings initially ruled the Reach proper, although over time they expanded their territory. The western marches between Horn Hill and Nightsong were eventually added to the Gardeners' domain. Old Oak, Red Lake, and Goldengrove joined the realm with pacts of friendship and mutual defense with Garth III (the Great).[3] Meryn III brought the Arbor into the kingdom and made House Redwyne his vassals after his cousin, the last King of the Arbor, was lost at sea.[9] Not long after, King Garland II (the Bridegroom) brought House Hightower of Oldtown and their domains into the realm by wedding his daughter to Lord Lymond Hightower and putting aside his own wives to marry Lymond's daughter.[9] King Gwayne III (the Fat) resolved the quarrel between Lords Manderly and Peake and accepted fealty for their lands without bloodshed. John II (the Tall) received homage from lords and petty kings as he sailed his barge to the headwaters of the Mander.[3]

Legendary Warrior kings from this time include Garth V (Hammer of the Dornish), Gwayne I (the Gallant), Gyles I (the Woe), and Gordan I (Grey-Eyes).[3] The Gardener kings often warred with the ironborn, sometimes in alliance with the Kings of the Rock and the Lords of Oldtown.[3] At least six Gardener kings died in battle against the ironborn, including Gareth II (the Grim), Garth VI (the Morningstar), and Gyles II, the last of whom was tortured to death by Joron I Blacktyde.[3][10]

The Golden Reign

The greatest of the Gardeners was King Garth VII Gardener, known as the Goldenhand, for his deeds both in war and in peace.[3] Ascending to the Oakenseat at age twelve, Garth ruled for eighty-one years, of which less than ten were spent at war. In the few times Garth Goldenhand did go to war he utterly trounced his adversaries. As a boy he defeated an invasion of Dornishmen by King Ferris Fowler, then drove the ironborn from the Shield Islands and fortified them with men from the Reach. Garth VII divided an alliance between the King of the Rock and Storm King, defeating both in the Battle of Three Armies, and dictated the boundaries of their three kingdoms in the aftermath.[3]

Garth's greatest accomplishment was giving his people three-quarters of a century of golden peace, bringing an unprecedented prosperity. Garth's rule became known as the Golden Reign, and was when the Reach truly flowered.[3]

Arrival of the Andals

The Kings of the Reach observed the Andal invasion of the Vale, stormlands, and the riverlands from afar. Instead of allying with the invaders against other First Men, they took precautions against possible Andal invasions. King Gwayne IV (the Gods-fearing) sought aid from the children of the forest, while Mern II (the Mason) constructed a new curtain wall around Highgarden and encouraged his bannermen to do the same. Mern III (the Madling) supported a woods witch who claimed she could raise armies of the dead. The anticipated Andal attacks never occurred, however. When the disunited Andals eventually reached the realm of the Gardeners generations later, however, they were welcomed by the Three Sage Kings. [4]

The Three Sage Kings who followed one another on the Oakenseat — Garth IX, his son Merle I (the Meek), and his grandson Gwayne V — were a trio of cunning and wise kings who used a policy of accord and assimilation with the Andals rather than armed resistance. Although he continued to worship the old gods, Garth IX made a septon part of his councils and the first sept at Highgarden was built during his reign. Merle I converted to the Faith of the Seven and become its patron, helping to fund and build septs, septries, and motherhouses across the Reach. Gwayne V was the first Gardener King born into the new Faith, as well as the first to be made a knight.[4]

The Three Sage Kings took Andals into their service as knights and retainers. Ser Alester Tyrell, the founder of House Tyrell, was made Gwayne V's champion and sworn shield.[11] Merle I and Gwayne V married Andal maidens to bind their fathers to the Gardener realm.[4] The three kings also bequeathed lands, wives, and lordships for the more powerful of the Andals descending on the Reach in exchange for pledges of fealty; numerous houses of the Reach trace their ancestry back to these Andal adventurers.

The Gardeners also encouraged Andal craftsmen, specially blacksmiths and stonemasons, to settle throughout the Reach, supplying them and their bannermen with iron instead of bronze and strengthening their castles with Andal masonry. Most new lords remained loyal and helped the Gardeners against internal and external threats. Maester Yandel writes that seldom had a conquest been achieved with less bloodshed.[4]

Andal Kings

The centuries that followed the assimilation with the Andals were less peaceful, and the Gardener kings (and one queen) varied in wisdom and strength. The Kings of the Reach constantly warred against and allied with the Kings of the Rock, the Storm Kings, the many kings from Dorne, and the Kings of the Rivers and the Hills.[4]

During the minority of King Garland VI Gardener, a member of House Tyrell ruled the Reach in his name as regent.[11]

King Gyles III Gardener conquered from the Storm King all the lands north of the rainwood save for Storm's End. While he was away, the Reach was attacked by Lancel IV Lannister, forcing Gyles to deal with the westermen.[5] A new broader war followed, involving three Dornish kings and two river kings, and ended with Gyles III dead of a bloody flux and his conquests abandoned.[4]

The long reign of King Garth X, known as Garth Greybeard, witnessed the nadir of Gardener power. The elderly and senile Garth had sired only daughters, who were married to the rival Lords Manderly and Peake. Once the rival lords began warring, the Lannisters, Durrandons, and Dornish attack the kingdom. A Dornish king sacked Highgarden, killed Garth Greybeard, and destroyed the Oakenseat. The anarchy that followed lasted almost a decade until Ser Osmund Tyrell, the High Steward of Highgarden, made common cause with the other lords of the Reach and defeated both the Peakes and the Manderlys, reclaimed the ruins of Highgarden, and supported Mern VI Gardener, a second cousin of Garth, as king. Although a man of only modest gifts, Mern VI was able to rebuild Highgarden and restore the power of the Reach and House Gardener, relying on the counsel of his stewards: Osmund Tyrell, Osmund's son Ser Robert — who was allowed to marry his youngest daughter in gratitude — and Robert's son Lorent. Mern's son Garth XI (the Painter) retaliated against the Dornish by invading the Red Mountains.[4]

Approximately a thousand years ago Lord Lorimar Peake drove House Manderly from the Reach at the behest of King Perceon III Gardener who feared the Manderlys' growing power in the Reach.[12] The Manderlys fled from the Mander for the White Knife in the north.[5][13][14] King Greydon Gardener attempted an invasion of Dorne, but was thrown back by Nymeria.[15] King Garse VII was slain by the Storm King, Argilac the Arrogant at the Battle of Summerfield.[1]

War of Conquest and Extinction

End of House Gardener on the Field of Fire

House Gardener died out in the Targaryen War of Conquest almost three hundred years before A Song of Ice and Fire. When Aegon the Conqueror invaded Westeros, King Mern IX Gardener joined with Loren I Lannister, King of the Rock, to put an end to House Targaryen at what would become known as the Field of Fire.[1]

Mern commanded the center of the combined army and led the charge against Aegon's forces. The host of House Targaryen eventually broke, but by then Aegon and his sisters, Visenya and Rhaenys, had taken to the air on their dragons. The dragons killed four thousand men of the combined army, among them Mern and his sons, grandsons, brothers, cousins, and other kin.[16] One nephew of King Mern survived, but he died of his burns three days later, ending House Gardener.[1]

Mern's High Steward, Harlen Tyrell, surrendered Highgarden to Aegon I Targaryen, pledging fealty. Aegon named Harlen the Lord Paramount of the Mander and the Lord of Highgarden, and granted Harlen dominion over the Reach in exchange for his submission to the Iron Throne.[17][1]

Legacy

Many of the noble houses from the Reach trace their descent back to Garth Greenhand, a fact that is often used to boast of a better claim than the Tyrells as the rightful rulers of the Reach, as the Tyrells are descendants of the Gardeners only through the female line. Houses with Garth Greenhand as an ancestor are the Florents, the Rowans, the Oakhearts, and many others.[18]

Golden currency from the time of the Gardeners is still in use, albeit rare.[19][20] The coins are named hands, each worth roughly half a gold dragon,[20] and feature the hand sigil of House Gardener on one side and the likeness of the current king on the other side. They are known to have been made with Garth XII's effigy.[19]

Historical Members

No precise lineage or chronology of House Gardner is known. Beginning with the mythical first king Garth the Gardener, the Gardeners ruled as Kings of the Reach until the last Gardener king, Mern IX, rode out to meet Aegon the Conqueror and his sisters, Visenya and Rhaenys, upon the Field of Fire.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reign of the Dragons: The Conquest.
  2. The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: The Gardener Kings.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: Andals in the Reach.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 The Sworn Sword.
  6. The Citadel. Heraldry: Houses in the Reach
  7. The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: Highgarden.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: Garth Greenhand.
  9. 9.0 9.1 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: Oldtown.
  10. The World of Ice & Fire, The Iron Islands: Driftwood Crowns.
  11. 11.0 11.1 The World of Ice & Fire, The Reach: House Tyrell.
  12. The World of Ice & Fire, The North: The Kings of Winter.
  13. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 9, Davos I.
  14. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 19, Davos III.
  15. The World of Ice & Fire, Ancient History: Ten Thousand Ships.
  16. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 13, Tyrion II.
  17. A Game of Thrones, Appendix.
  18. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 61, Sansa V.
  19. 19.0 19.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 7, Cersei II.
  20. 20.0 20.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 16, Jaime II.
  21. Fire & Blood, Under the Regents - War and Peace and Cattle Shows.