Old Tongue

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The Old Tongue is the language of the First Men, brought to Westeros during their invasion over twelve thousand years ago. It is a harsh, clanging language.[1] The language is all but extinct in the Seven Kingdoms, where the Common Tongue has become dominant. In the lands beyond the Wall, however, the Old Tongue is still spoken by the giants[2] and most wildlings.[1]

Language

The Old Tongue is the language spoken by the First Men of old, the current giants and free folk. Only few terms and translations are known from this language, as George R.R. Martin has not developed the actual language. On the developing of languages for A Song of Ice and Fire, the author stated:

"I don't have a whole imaginary language in my desk here, the way Tolkien did."

Tolkien was a philologist, and an Oxford don, and could spend decades laboriously inventing Elvish in all its detail. I, alas, am only a hardworking SF and fantasy novel, and I don't have his gift for languages. That is to say, I have not actually created a Valyrian language. The best I could do was try to sketch in each of the chief tongues of my imaginary world in broad strokes, and give them each their characteristic sounds and spellings.[3]

Houses descended from the First Men tend to have simple, short names, often descriptive.[4] Examples include the names Stark, Wull, Umber, and Stout.[5]

The First Men had their own writing system of the Old Tongue. In addition, they also had a runic writing system.[6]

Known translations

Several names of terms and names are described in the published material:

Old Tongue Translation Notes
Magnar Lord[7][8]
Skagos Stone[9][10] Because of the definition of "skagos", the people from the island of Skagos call themselves stoneborn.[10]
Sygerrik Deceiver[11]
Woh dak nag gran The squirrel people[12] "The squirrel people" is the name the giants have given the children of the forest.[12]

References