Difference between revisions of "Pronunciation guide"
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− | The '''pronunciation''' of names in the [[ | + | The '''pronunciation''' of names in the [[known world]] is variable. Unlike the academic [[w:J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]], who claimed to have written ''[[w:The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings]]'' series primarily for the joy of fleshing out the [[w:languages of Middle-earth|invented languages of Middle Earth]],<ref>Peterson, Britt. "[http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/04/05/yes-writing-languages-for-game-thrones-real-job/4eyOZKW5EVL6Mt8qBQJ20L/story.html Yes, Writing Languages for 'Game of Thrones'<!--sic--> Is a Real Job]". ''Boston Globe'', 6 Apr 2014. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> [[George R.R. Martin]] has stated that "I don't have [Tolkien's] gift for languages";<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1250/ Yet More Questions (July 22, 2001)]</ref> that he "came to not care much about pronunciation" during college;<ref name=eek>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/2724 Odyssey Con 2008 (Madison, Wi) (April 06, 2008)]</ref> and that "you can pronounce [the names of the characters] however you like."<ref name=eek/><ref name=naz>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1375 US Signing Tour (New York City, NY) (November 15, 2005)]</ref> |
+ | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
===Author=== | ===Author=== | ||
− | [[George | + | [[George R. R. Martin]] is an [[w:United States|American]] who was born to a family of mixed [[w:Italian-Americans|Italian]] and [[w:Irish-Americans|Irish]] ancestry and grew up in [[w:Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne, New Jersey]]. He attended college and university at [[w:Northwestern University|Northwestern]] in [[w:Evanston, Illinois|Evanston, Illinois]], and now lives in [[w:Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe, New Mexico]], but his accent has been described as remaining a "gravelly New Jersey" one.<ref>Salter, Jessica. "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/9945808/Game-of-Thrones-Interview-with-George-RR-Martin.html Game of Thrones<!--No italics sic.-->: Interview with George RR<!--No periods sic.--> Martin]". ''The Telegraph'', 25 Mar 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> While Westeros has regional accents, he only includes elements of them since "that way lies madness";<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/2802 Cyvasse, Accents, Historical Mysteries, and Dornish Nationalism (April 18, 2008)]</ref> therefore, his own pronunciations are probably "wrong".<ref name=albu/> He agrees with those who feel English accents work better for fantasy works: "It is full of castles and lords and swords and knights and all the other trappings we associate with England in [[w:United States|this country]]. It seems natural. It would be hard to do with a group of actors who had thick [[w:Southern_American_English|Southern accents]]".<ref>Wheeler, Brian. "[http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17554816 Why Are Fantasy World Accents British?]" ''BBC News Magazine'', 30 Mar 2012. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> |
− | === | + | ===''Game of Thrones''=== |
− | Within the [[Game of Thrones | + | Within the television show ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', accents generally reflect the [[Portal:Geography|region]] and [[Feudalism|class]] of the [[list of Characters|characters]]. (A specific class-based difference noted within the show is that the lords themselves carefully enunciate "my lord" as two words whereas commoners slur them into a monosyllabic "m'lud".{{Ref|HboGoT|s02e07| [[Tywin Lannister]] to [[Arya Stark]]}}) [[Westeros]]i accents generally reflect those of [[w:Great Britain|Britain]], from [[w:Northern English|Northern]] among the [[First Men]] of the [[north]] and [[beyond the Wall]] to [[w:Welsh English|Welsh]] influence in the [[Vale]] to posh [[w:Received Pronunciation|RP]] accents among the [[Andals|Andal]] nobility and clergy of the [[westerlands]] and [[crownlands]]. [[Essos]] comprises the rest of [[w:Eurasia|Eurasia]] and characters from its regions have spoken with [[w:Romance languages|Mediterranean]] ([[Braavos]]), [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] ([[Lorath]]), and loosely [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]] accents ([[Dothraki]]).<ref name=gawk/> The more peculiar accents of the Essos characters reflect that the [[Common Tongue]] (i.e., [[w:British English|English]]) is not their native language.{{Ref|HboGoT|s04e04| [[Daenerys Targaryen|Daenerys]] requests that the leaders of her army begin learning [[Common Tongue]]}} These general differences have several notable exceptions among the [[list of actors of the televised series|actor]]s: [[Eddard Stark]]'s children speak with southern British accents while [[Samwell Tarly]] (from [[Horn Hill]], south of [[Highgarden]]) speaks with [[John Bradley-West]]'s [[w:Manchester, England|Mancunian]] dialect. [[Asshai]] is nowhere near Lorath but [[Melisandre]] speaks with [[Carice van Houten]]'s native [[w:Dutch language|Dutch]] accent.<ref name=gawk>Read, Max. "[http://gawker.com/what-is-going-on-with-the-accents-in-game-of-thrones-485816507 What Is Going on with the Accents in ''Game of Thrones''?]". ''Gawker'', 6 May 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref> |
− | The show hired the linguist [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]] to flesh out | + | The show hired the linguist [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]] to flesh out Essos's [[Dothraki language]].<ref name=khahlaysee>Martin, Denise. "[http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/game-of-thrones-dothraki-language-inventor.html Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian from the Man who Invented Them for ''Game of Thrones'']". ''Vulture'', 24 Apr 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref> He then went on to create [[High Valyrian|Valyrian]] from only three phrases appearing in the books: ''[[dracarys]]'', ''[[valar morghulis]]'', and ''[[valar dohaeris]]''. He runs a blog detailing the grammar of the two languages<ref>Peterson, David. ''[http://www.dothraki.com Dothraki: A Language of Fire and Blood]''. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref> and provides translations of (and audio files for) Martin's books and the actors' lines<ref>Tharoor, Ishaan. "[http://entertainment.time.com/2013/05/03/tongues-of-ice-and-fire-creating-the-languages-of-game-of-thrones/ Tongues of Ice and Fire: Creating the Languages in ''Game of Thrones'']". ''Time'', 3 May 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> but his pronunciations are not necessarily canonical: showrunners opted against his pronunciation of ''[[khaleesi]]'', actors change phrasings and vocalizations, and editors clip sentences during post-production.<ref name=khahlaysee/> |
===Audio Books=== | ===Audio Books=== | ||
− | All of the [[w:audiobook|audiobook]]s of the series have now been read by [[Roy Dotrice]], [[w:Order of the British Empire|OBE]], the British actor who played [[Hallyne]] the [[ | + | All of the [[w:audiobook|audiobook]]s of the series have now been read by [[w:Roy Dotrice|Roy Dotrice]], [[w:Order of the British Empire|OBE]], the British actor who played [[Hallyne]] the [[Alchemists' Guild|Pyromancer]] in [[Game of Thrones - Season 2|season 2]] of the [[Game of Thrones|television show]]. Owing to scheduling issues, ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' was also initially read by [[w:John Rafter Lee|John Lee]], who speaks an [[w:Irish English|Irish-tinged]] British English.<ref>[http://www.audiofilemagazine.com/narrators/john-lee/ Narrator Profile: John Lee]". ''AudioFile Magazine''. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> Martin credited the audiobooks with having consulted him on most of the 'hard' names and getting them right, but noted that they "then went and got all the easy ones wrong".<ref name=albu/> |
==Guide== | ==Guide== | ||
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* {{sc|grrm}}: [[George R.R. Martin]] (kindly provide sources for these) | * {{sc|grrm}}: [[George R.R. Martin]] (kindly provide sources for these) | ||
− | * {{sc| | + | * {{sc|hbo}}: the [[Game of Thrones|television show]] |
* {{sc|djp}}: [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], the show's linguist | * {{sc|djp}}: [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], the show's linguist | ||
− | * {{sc|rd}}: the [[Roy Dotrice]] audio books | + | * {{sc|rd}}: the [[w:Roy Dotrice|Roy Dotrice]] audio books |
− | * {{sc|jl}}: the [[John Lee]] audio book of ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' | + | * {{sc|jl}}: the [[w:John Rafter Lee|John Lee]] audio book of ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' |
{{anchor|Characters|Names|Given names|given names}} | {{anchor|Characters|Names|Given names|given names}} | ||
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{{hatnote|For surnames, see [[#Houses|Houses]] below}} | {{hatnote|For surnames, see [[#Houses|Houses]] below}} | ||
− | {{anchor|Aenys|Ænys}} | + | {| class="wikitable" |
− | {| {{ | + | |- |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation |
− | |} | + | |- |
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Aegon|Ægon}} '''[[Aegon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɛɡɔn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|eg}}-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'eɪɡɔn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ay}}-gon'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Aemon|Æmon}} '''[[Aemon (disambiguation)|Aemon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'eɪmɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ay}}-mon'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Aenys|Ænys}} '''[[Aenys]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'eɪnɪs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ay}}-nis'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Aerion|Ærion}} '''[[Aerion]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɑɹiɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ar}}-ee-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Aeron|Æron}} '''[[Aeron Greyjoy|Aeron]]''' | ||
+ | | — | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɛəɹən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|air}}-ən'', like [[wikt:Aaron|Aaron]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Aerys|Ærys}} '''[[Aerys]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got>''Making Game of Thrones<!--sic-->''. "Inside the Series: [http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/production-diary/2011/2/11/official-pronunciation-guide-for-game-of-thrones.html Official Pronunciation Guide for 'Game of Thrones']<!--sic-->". HBO, 11 Feb 2011.</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'eɪɹiz}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|err}}-eez'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Alliser}} '''[[Alliser Thorne|Alliser]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ælɪsəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|al}}-iss-er'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Areo}} '''[[Areo Hotah|Areo]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc>[http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/books/george-rr-martin-full-extended-interview.html Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Canadian Broadcast Channel.</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɑɹiəʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ar}}-ee-oh'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Arya}} '''[[Arya Stark|Arya]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=dif>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/4649 Days of Ice and Fire Official Report (November 12, 2010)]</ref><ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/993 Cersei and Homer (September 10, 1999)]</ref><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɑɹjə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ar}}-yə'', like [[wikt:are|are]] [[wikt:ya|ya]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Arys}} '''[[Arys Oakheart|Arys]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɛəɹɪs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|air}}-iss'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Asha|Yara}} '''[[Asha Greyjoy|Asha]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'jæɹə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ya}}-ra'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Baelor}} '''[[Baelor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'beɪlɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bay}}-lor'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Balerion}} '''[[Balerion]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɑ'lɛəriɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''bah-{{sc|lair}}-ee-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Balon}} '''[[Balon Greyjoy|Balon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'bælɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bal}}-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Barristan}} '''[[Barristan Selmy|Barristan]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'bɛəɹɪstɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bair}}-iss-tin'', like [[wikt:bear|bear]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Benjen}} '''[[Benjen Stark (disambiguation)|Benjen]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=var>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1009 Various Pronunciations (October 24, 1998)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'bɛndʒɛn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ben}}-jen'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'bɛndʒɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ben}}-jin'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Bran}} '''[[Bran Stark|Bran]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear>''The Bear Swarm! Podcast'', [http://www.bearswarm.com/episode-136-george-r-r-martin-and-a-song-of-ice-and-fire Episode 136 – George R.R. Martin and a Song of Ice and Fire]<!--sic-->. 22 Nov 2010.</ref><ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹæːn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:bran|bran]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="5" | {{anchor|Brienne}} '''[[Brienne of Tarth|Brienne]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh>[http://a1018.g.akamai.net/f/1018/19019/1d/randomhouse1.download.akamai.com/19019/GeorgeRRMartinInterview.mp3 Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Random House, Nov 2005.</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹi'ɛəni}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bree}}-an-ee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=naz/><ref name=nyc2/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹi'əni}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bree}}-ə-nee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹi'ɑn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bree}}-an'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} & {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹi'ɛn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bree}}-en'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɹaɪ'i:n}}] | ||
+ | | ''bry-{{sc|een}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Caleotte}} '''[[Caleotte]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kæliɒt}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kal}}-ee-aht'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Catelyn}} '''[[Catelyn Tully|Catelyn]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=berk>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1258 Cody's Signing (Berkley, Ca) (November 11, 2000)]</ref><ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1397 Canadian Signing Tour (Toronto) (January 09, 2006)]</ref><ref name=igot/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kætəlɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kat}}-ə-lin'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kætlɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kat}}-lin'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="4" | {{anchor|Cersei}} '''[[Cersei Lannister|Cersei]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=igot/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɜɹseɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|serr}}-say'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɜɹsi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|serr}}-see'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɜ:si}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|suh}}-see'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|jl}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɪəseɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sih}}-ə-say'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Chataya}} '''[[Chataya]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon3/> | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | ''shə-{{sc|ty}}-yə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Ch'Vyalthan|Ch'vyalthan|Chvyalthan|ChVyalthan}} '''[[Ch'Vyalthan]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|got}}{{Ref|HboGoT|s02e08| [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjjNjnzKB2k excerpt]]}} | ||
+ | | {{IPA|ʃ(ə)ˈvaɪlˌθən}} | ||
+ | | ''sh(ə)-{{sc|vyle}}-thən'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Daenerys}} '''[[Daenerys Targaryen|Daenerys]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|də'nɛəɹɪs}}] | ||
+ | | ''də-{{sc|nair}}-iss'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=nyc2>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1372 US Signing Tour (New York, NY) (November 15, 2005)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|deɪn'ɛəɹɪs}}] | ||
+ | | ''dayn-{{sc|air}}-iss'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Damphair}} '''[[Aeron Greyjoy|Damphair]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref>Amazon Books. "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbaslypgyWk George R.R. Martin Answers Facebook Fans' Questions]". YouTube, 12 Jan 2012.</ref> & {{sc|jl}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dæmphɛəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:damp|damp]]}}-[[wikt:hair|hair]]'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dæmfɛəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:damp|dam]]}}-[[wikt:fair|fair]]'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Dany}} '''[[Daenerys Targaryen|Dany]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dæni}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|dan}}-nee'', like [[wikt:Danny|Danny]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Davos}} '''[[Davos Seaworth|Davos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=torcon2/><ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dɑːvoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|dah}}-vohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Dolorous}} '''[[Eddison Tollett|Dolorous]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dɒləɹəs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|dol}}-ər-əs'', like [[wikt:dollar|dollar]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Doran}} '''[[Doran Martell|Doran]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/><ref name=conq>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1336 ConQuest (Kansas City, MO; May 27-29) (May 27, 2005)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dəʊ'ɹæn}}] | ||
+ | | ''doh-{{sc|ran}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Drogo}} '''[[Drogo]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dɹoʊɡoʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|droh}}-goh'' | ||
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− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Eddard}} '''[[Eddard Stark|Eddard]]''' |
− | | {{ | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> |
− | | {{ | + | | [{{IPA|'ɛdɑɹd}}] |
− | |} | + | | ''{{sc|ed}}-dard'' |
− | + | |- | |
− | {{anchor| | + | | {{anchor|Elia}} '''[[Elia Martell|Elia]]''' |
− | {| {{ | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=conq/> |
− | | {{ | + | | |
− | | {{ | + | | ''{{sc|el}}-lee-ə'' |
− | | {{ | + | |- |
− | | {{ | + | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Euron}} '''[[Euron Greyjoy|Euron]]''' |
− | |} | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'jʌɹɒn}}] | |
− | {{anchor| | + | | ''{{sc|yur}}-on'', like [[wikt:yer|yer]] [[wikt:on|on]] |
− | {| {{ | + | |- |
− | | | + | | {{sc|rd}} |
− | | {{ | + | | [{{IPA|jɔːɒn}}] |
− | | {{ | + | | ''{{sc|yawr}}-on'', like British [[wikt:you're on|you're on]] |
− | | {{ | + | |- |
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Gendry}} '''[[Gendry]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɡɪndɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ghin}}-dree'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒɪndɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jin}}-dree'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Gregor}} '''[[Gregor Clegane|Gregor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɡrə'gɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''grə-{{sc|gor}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Hodor}} '''[[Hodor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=naz/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'hoʊdɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|hoh}}-dor'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Hoster}} '''[[Hoster]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'hɒstəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|hoss}}-ter'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Illyrio}} '''[[Illyrio Mopatis|Illyrio]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɪ'liɹioʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''il-{{sc|leer}}-ee-oh'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Ilyn}} '''[[Ilyn Payne|Ilyn]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɪlɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|il}}-in'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Irri}} '''[[Irri]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'aɪɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|eye}}-ree'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jaime}} '''[[Jaime Lannister|Jaime]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=maester/><ref name=igot/><ref name=dif/><ref name=albu>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1395 US Signing Tour (Albuquerque, NM) (November 29, 2005)]</ref><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒeɪmi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jay}}‑mee'', like [[wikt:Jamie|Jamie]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Janos}} '''[[Janos Slynt|Janos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒænoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ja}}-nohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jeor}} '''[[Jeor Mormont|Jeor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒiɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jee}}-or'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jeyne}} '''[[Jeyne]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}{{ref|adwd|37}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dʒeɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jayn}}'', like [[wikt:Jane|Jane]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Joffrey}} '''[[Joffrey (disambiguation)|Joffrey]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒɒfɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|joff}}-ree'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jojen}} '''[[Jojen Reed|Jojen]]''' | ||
+ | | — | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒəʊdʒən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|joh}}-jən'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jon}} '''[[Jon (disambiguation)|Jon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dʒɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jon}}'', like [[wikt:John|John]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jonquil}} '''[[Jonquil]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1291 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒɒnkɪl}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jon}}-kil'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jorah}} '''[[Jorah Mormont|Jorah]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒɔɹə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jor}}-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Jory}} '''[[Jory Cassel|Jory]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dʒɔɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|jor}}-ee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Loras}} '''[[Loras Tyrell|Loras]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'lɔɹɑs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|lor}}-as'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'lɔɹəs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|lor}}-əs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Luwin}} '''[[Luwin]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'luːwɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|loo}}-win'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Lyanna}} '''[[Lyanna Stark|Lyanna]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1295 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref> | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ly}}-an-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Lysa}} '''[[Lysa Tully|Lysa]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=var/> | ||
+ | | [laɪsɑː] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ly}}-sah'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'laɪsə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ly}}-sə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Mance}} '''[[Mance Rayder|Mance]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|mæns}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|mans}}'', like [[wikt:manse|manse]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Margaery}} '''[[Margaery Tyrell|Margaery]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|mɑɹdʒəɹi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|mar}}-jə-ree'', like [[wikt:Margery|Margery]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Melisandre}} '''[[Melisandre]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'mɛlɪˌsændrə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|mel}}-ih-{{sc|san}}-drə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Meraxes}} '''[[Meraxes]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|məɹ'ɑksiz}}] | ||
+ | | ''mər-{{sc|ahk}}-seez'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Missandei}} '''[[Missandei]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'misɑndeɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|meess}}-ahn-day'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Moqorro}} '''[[Moqorro]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'moʊkʰɔroʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|moh}}-kor-roh'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Mordane}} '''[[Mordane]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'mɔrdeɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|mor}}-dayn'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Myrcella}} '''[[Myrcella Baratheon|Myrcella]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|məɹ'sɛlə}}] | ||
+ | | ''mər-{{sc|sel}}-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Ned}} '''[[Eddard Stark|Ned]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/><ref name=igot>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAYtinilywM Inside ''Game of Thrones'' (Dec 5, 2010)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|nɛd}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ned}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Nymeria}} '''[[Nymeria]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ni'miɹiə}}] | ||
+ | | ''ny-{{sc|meer}}-ee-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Oberyn}} '''[[Oberyn Martell|Oberyn]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'oʊbəɹɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|oh}}-bə-rin'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Petyr}} '''[[Petyr]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1316 To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'pi:təɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|pee}}-tər'', like [[wikt:Peter|Peter]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|pɪ'taɪəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''pih-{{sc|ty}}-ər'', like [[wikt:tyre|tyre]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|jl}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|pə'tɪɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''pə-{{sc|tir}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Pyat}} '''[[Pyat]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'piæt}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|pee}}-at'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Pycelle}} '''[[Pycelle]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'pisɛl}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|py}}-sel'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Pyp}} '''[[Pyp]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|pɪp}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|pip}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Qotho}} '''[[Qotho]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kwoʊθoʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kwoh}}-thoh'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Qyburn}} '''[[Qyburn]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kaɪbʌɹn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ky}}-burn'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Renly}} '''[[Renly Baratheon|Renly]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɹɪnli}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|rin}}-lee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Rhaegar}} '''[[Rhaegar Targaryen|Rhaegar]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=may99>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/982 Pronunciations (May 08, 1999)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɹeɪgɑɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ray}}-gar'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Rickon}} '''[[Rickon Stark (disambiguation)|Rickon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɹɪkɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|rik}}-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Rhllor|R'hllor}} '''[[R'hllor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}{{ref|asos|34}}<ref>[[Not A Blog]]: [http://grrm.livejournal.com/353313.html?thread=18627617#t18627617 Comment (Jan 20, 2014)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɹəlɔr}}] | ||
+ | | ''rə-lor'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Robb}} '''[[Robb Stark|Robb]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɹɑb}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:Rob|rob]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Rodrik}} '''[[Rodrik]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɹɑːdɹɪk}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|rah}}-drik'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Samwell}} '''[[Samwell]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sæmwɛl}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sam}}-wel'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Sandor}} '''[[Sandor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|sændɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''san-{{sc|dor}}''{{refn|The resemblance to a Hungarian name was unintentional.<ref name=tbc/>}} | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="4" | {{anchor|Sansa}} '''[[Sansa Stark|Sansa]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɔːnsə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sawn}}-sə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=dif/><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sænsə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|san}}-sə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɑːnsə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sahn}}-sə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sænzə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|san}}-zə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Stannis}} '''[[Stannis Baratheon|Stannis]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/><ref name=maester>TIFF. "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDIZnKujSa4 Higher Learning: Master Class with George R.R. Martin]". TIFF, 13 Dec 2012.</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'stænɪs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|stan}}-iss'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Syrio}} '''[[Syrio]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'siɹioʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|seer}}-ee-oh'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Theon}} '''[[Theon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'θiɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|thee}}-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Tobho}} '''[[Tobho]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|toʊ:'boʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''toh-{{sc|boh}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Tommen}} '''[[Tommen]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/><ref name=torcon2/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'toʊmən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tohm}}‑ən'', like [[wikt:omen|omen]]<ref name=torcon3>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1293 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tɑːmən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tah}}-mən'', like [[wikt:ramen|ramen]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} & {{sc|jl}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tɒmən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tom}}-ən'', like [[wikt:common|common]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Tyrion}} '''[[Tyrion]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=igot/><ref name=dif/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tɪəɹiən}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|teer}}-ee-ən'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Tysha}} '''[[Tysha]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tɪʃə}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tish}}-ə'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}} | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'taɪʃə}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|ty}}-shə'' | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Tywin}} '''[[Tywin]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=dif/><ref name=berk/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'taɪwɪn}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|ty}}-win'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Varamyr}} '''[[Varamyr]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'væɹəmiɹ}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|var}}-ə-meer'' | |
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− | + | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Varys}} '''[[Varys]]''' | |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'væɹʌs}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|var}}-us'' | |
− | |||
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− | | rowspan=" | ||
− | |||
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|- | |- | ||
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'vɛəɹɪs}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|vair}}-iss'' | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Vhagar}} '''[[Vhagar]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'veɪgɑr}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|vay}}-gar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Victarion}} '''[[Victarion Greyjoy|Victarion]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|vɪk'tɛəɹiɑn}}] | |
− | + | | ''vik-{{sc|tair}}-ee-ahn'' | |
− | |||
− | {{anchor| | ||
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− | | | + | | {{anchor|Viserys}} '''[[Viserys]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|vɪ'sɛːɹɪs}}] | |
− | + | | ''vih-{{sc|serr}}-iss'' | |
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|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Walder}} '''[[Walder]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'wɔldəɹ}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|wal}}-dər'' | |
− | |||
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− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Waymar}} '''[[Waymar]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'weɪmɑɹ}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|way}}-mar'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Wulfe}} '''[[Wulfe]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'wʊlf}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|wuulf}}'', like [[wikt:wolf|wolf]] | |
− | |||
− | {{anchor| | ||
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− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Xaro Xhoan|Xaro|Xhoan}} '''[[Xaro Xhoan Daxos|Xaro Xhoan]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}} | |
− | | {{ | + | | [{{IPA|'zaːɹəʊ 'zəʊ.æn}}] |
+ | | ''{{sc|zah}}-roh {{sc|zoh}}-an'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Ygritte}} '''[[Ygritte]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'igɹɪt}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|ee}}-grit'', like [[wikt:egret|egret]] | |
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− | {{anchor| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Yoren}} '''[[Yoren]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'jɔəɹɪn}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|yor}}-in'', like [[wikt:you're|you're]] [[wikt:in|in]] | |
− | |||
− | {{anchor| | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Line 538: | Line 635: | ||
===Houses and Surnames=== | ===Houses and Surnames=== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
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− | {{anchor|Baelish}} | + | {| class="wikitable" |
− | {| {{ | + | |- |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation |
− | |} | + | |- |
− | + | | {{anchor|Arryn}} '''[[House Arryn|Arryn]]''' | |
− | {{anchor| | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> |
− | {| {{ | + | | [{{IPA|'ɛəɹɪn}}] |
− | | | + | | ''{{sc|air}}-in'' |
− | | {{ | + | |- |
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Baelish}} '''[[House Baelish|Baelish]]''' |
− | | {{ | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> |
+ | | [{{IPA|'beɪlɪʃ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|bay}}-lish'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Baratheon}} '''[[House Baratheon|Baratheon]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/><ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bɑ'ɹæθiɒn}}] | ||
+ | | ''bah-{{sc|ra}}-thee-on'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|bə'ɹæθiən}}] | ||
+ | | ''bə-{{sc|rath}}-ee-ən'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Cassel}} '''[[House Cassel|Cassel]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|kəs'ɛl}}] | ||
+ | | ''kəs-{{sc|el}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Clegane}} '''[[House Clegane|Clegane]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|klɪ'ɡeɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''clih-{{sc|gayn}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Daxos}} '''[[Xaro Xhoan Daxos|Daxos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'dɒksoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|dok}}-sohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Forel}} '''[[Forel]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|fɔɹ'ɛl}}] | ||
+ | | ''for-{{sc|el}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Frey}} '''[[House Frey|Frey]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|fɹeɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:fray|fray]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Greyjoy}} '''[[House Greyjoy|Greyjoy]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɡɹeɪdʒɔɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|gray}}-joy'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Hotah}} '''[[Areo Hotah|Hotah]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc>[http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/books/george-rr-martin-full-extended-interview.html Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Canadian Broadcast Channel.</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'həʊtɑː}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|hoh}}-tah'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Lannister}} '''[[House Lannister|Lannister]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'lænɪstəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|lan}}-iss-tər'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Mormont}} '''[[House Mormont|Mormont]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'mɔrmɒnt}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|mor}}-mont'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Payne}} '''[[House Payne|Payne]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|peɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|payn}}'', like [[wikt:pain|pain]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Rayder}} '''[[Mance Rayder|Rayder]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/4491 Post-Reading Q&A Video (Worldcon) (September 03, 2010)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɹeɪdəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ray}}-dər'', like [[wikt:raider|raider]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Royce}} '''[[House Royce|Royce]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɹɔɪs}}] | ||
+ | | like [[wikt:Rolls Royce|Rolls Royce]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Seaworth}} '''[[House Seaworth|Seaworth]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'siwəɹθ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|see}}-wərth'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Selmy}} '''[[House Selmy|Selmy]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'sɛlmi}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sel}}-mee'', like [[wikt:sell|sell]] [[wikt:me|me]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Slynt}} '''[[House Slynt|Slynt]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|slɪnt}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|slint}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Snow}} '''[[Snow]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|snoʊ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|snoh}}'', like [[wikt:snow|snow]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Stark}} '''[[House Stark|Stark]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/6181 TIFF: In Conversation With... George R.R. Martin, Parts 1–3. (March 15, 2012)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|stɑɹk}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:stark|stark]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Targaryen}} '''[[House Targaryen|Targaryen]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=berk/><ref name=albu/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|tɑɹ'gɛəɹiən}}] | ||
+ | | ''tar-{{sc|gair}}-ee-ən'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Tarly}} '''[[House Tarly|Tarly]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tæɹli}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tar}}-lee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Thorne}} '''[[House Thorne|Thorne]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'θɔɹn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|[[wikt:thorn|thorn]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Tully}} '''[[House Tully|Tully]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tʌli}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|tul}}-ee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Tyrell}} '''[[House Tyrell|Tyrell]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'tirɛl}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ty}}-rel'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'tɪrʌl}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|tih}}-rul'' | |
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|- | |- | ||
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Westerling}} '''[[House Westerling|Westerling]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'wɛstəɹliŋ}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|wes}}-ter-leeng'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{anchor|Places|Peoples}} | {{anchor|Places|Peoples}} | ||
+ | ===Places and Peoples=== | ||
− | === | + | {| class="wikitable" |
− | {{anchor|Andals}} | + | |- |
− | {| {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | |
− | | rowspan=" | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA |
− | | {{ | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation |
− | | {{ | + | |- |
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Andals}} '''[[Andals]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|æn'dəlz}}] | ||
+ | | ''an-{{sc|dəlz}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ændælz}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|an}}-dalz'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Asshai}} '''[[Asshai]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ə'ʃaɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''ə-{{sc|shy}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|rd}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|a'ʃaɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''a-{{sc|shy}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|jl}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'aʃaɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ash}}-eye'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Astapor}} '''[[Astapor]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|ɑː'stɑpɔɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''ah-{{sc|stah}}-por'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Blackwater}} '''[[Blackwater]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'blækˌwɑtəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|brak}}-{{sc|wah}}-tər'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Braavos}} '''[[Braavos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'bɹɑːvoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|brah}}-vohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Moat Cailin|Cailin}} '''[[Moat Cailin]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|moht}} kah-{{sc|lan}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Casterly Rock}} '''[[Casterly Rock]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'kæstəɹli rɑk}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ka}}-stər-lee rok'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Dyre Den}} '''[[Dyre Den]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref>[[Not A Blog]]: [http://grrm.livejournal.com/246371.html?thread=14901091#t14901091 Comment (Nov 1, 2011)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|daɪ̯əɹ dɛn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|dy}}-ər {{sc|[[wikt:den|den]]}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Dothraki}} '''[[Dothraki]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dɒθ'rækaɪ}}] | ||
+ | | ''doth-ra-{{sc|kai}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dɒθ'ræki}}] | ||
+ | | ''doth-{{sc|ra}}-kee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|dɒθ'ræki}}] | ||
+ | | ''doth-{{sc|rak}}-ee'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Essos}} '''[[Essos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɛsoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|ess}}-ohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Eyrie|The Eyrie}} '''The [[Eyrie]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'ɪəri}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|eer}}-ee'', like [[wikt:eerie|eerie]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Ghis}} '''[[Ghis]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1348 Interaction (Glasgow, Scotland, UK; August 4-8) (August 04, 2005)]</ref> | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|geess}}'', like [[wikt:geese|geese]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Harrenhal}} '''[[Harrenhal]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'hɛəɹɪnhɑːl}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|hair}}-in-hahl'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Highgarden}} '''[[Highgarden]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'haɪˌgɑɹdɪn}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|hy}}-{{sc|gar}}-din'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Isle of Cedars}} '''[[Isle of Cedars]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'aɪəl əv sidəɹs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|eye}}-əl əv {{sc|see}}-dərs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Lys}} '''[[Lys]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1317 To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)]</ref> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|lis}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|leess}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Meereen}} '''[[Meereen]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|mə'ɹin}}] | ||
+ | | ''mə-{{sc|reen}}'', similar to [[wikt:marine|marine]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Myr}} '''[[Myr]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'maɪəɹ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|my}}-ər'', like [[wikt:mire|mire]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Pentos}} '''[[Pentos]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'pɛntoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|pen}}-tohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Pyke}} '''[[Pyke]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'paɪk}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|pyk}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Qarth}} '''[[Qarth]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|kɔrθ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|korth}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|kwɑrθ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kwarth}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}} | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|xɑrθ}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|kharth}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Sept|sept|Sept of Baelor}} '''[[sept]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|sɛpt}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|sept}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Tyrosh}} '''[[Tyrosh]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc/> | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | ''ty-{{sc|rosh}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{anchor|Vaes Dothrak|Vaes|Dothrak}} '''[[Vaes Dothrak]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'viɪs dɒθ'ræk}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|vy}}-iss doth-{{sc|rak}}'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Valyria}} '''[[Valyria]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|væ'lɛəɹiə}}] | ||
+ | | ''va-{{sc|lair}}-ee-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'vəliɹiə}}] | ||
+ | | ''və-{{sc|leer}}-ee-ə'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Westeros}} '''[[Westeros]]''' | ||
+ | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=bear/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'wɛs təɹ oʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|wes}}-tər-ohs'' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | ||
+ | | [{{IPA|'wɛs tɛ ɹoʊs}}] | ||
+ | | ''{{sc|wes}}-te-rohs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Wyk}} '''[[Old Wyk|Old]] and [[Great Wyk|Great Wyk]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'wɪk}}] | |
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− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Winterfell}} '''[[Winterfell]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | | {{ | + | | [{{IPA|ˈwɪnˌtəɹfɛl}}] |
+ | | ''{{sc|win}}-{{sc|tər}}-fel'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | {{ | + | | {{anchor|Yunkai}} '''[[Yunkai]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'jʌnkaɪ}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|yun}}-kai'' | ||
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− | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA | |
− | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation | |
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− | | {{ | + | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|khal|Khal}} '''[[Khal]]''' |
− | | {{ | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'xɑl}}] | |
+ | | ''{{sc|khahl}}'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{sc|rd}} |
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− | | | + | | rowspan="3" | {{anchor|khaleesi|Khaleesi}} '''[[Khaleesi]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'kɑliːsiː}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|kal}}-ee-see'' | |
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− | + | | {{sc|hbo}} | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|kɑː'liːsiː}}] | |
− | + | | ''ka-{{sc|lee}}-see'' | |
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− | + | | {{sc|djp}}<ref>Peterson, David. ''Dothraki'': "[http://www.dothraki.com/2012/03/developing-canon/#comment-26972 Developing Canon]". 18 Mar 2012.</ref> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|ˈxaleesi}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|khah}}-lay-ay-see'' | |
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− | + | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|maester|Maester}} '''[[Maester]]''' | |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=var/><ref name=may99/><ref name=torcon2/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'meɪstəɹ}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|may}}-stər'' | |
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− | + | | {{sc|hbo}} | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'meɪstɝː}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|may}}-sterr'' | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | {{anchor|Septa|septa}} '''[[Septa]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|'sɛptə}}] | |
− | + | | ''{{sc|sep}}-tə'' | |
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− | | | + | | rowspan="2" | {{anchor|ser|Ser}} '''[[Ser]]''' |
− | + | | {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=albu/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|sɛɹ}}] | |
− | + | | ''serr'', like [[wikt:sir|sir]] | |
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− | + | | {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/> | |
− | + | | [{{IPA|sɛəɹ}}] | |
− | + | | ''sair'' | |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 16:51, 20 May 2019
The pronunciation of names in the known world is variable. Unlike the academic J.R.R. Tolkien, who claimed to have written The Lord of the Rings series primarily for the joy of fleshing out the invented languages of Middle Earth,[1] George R.R. Martin has stated that "I don't have [Tolkien's] gift for languages";[2] that he "came to not care much about pronunciation" during college;[3] and that "you can pronounce [the names of the characters] however you like."[3][4]
Contents
Sources
Author
George R. R. Martin is an American who was born to a family of mixed Italian and Irish ancestry and grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey. He attended college and university at Northwestern in Evanston, Illinois, and now lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but his accent has been described as remaining a "gravelly New Jersey" one.[5] While Westeros has regional accents, he only includes elements of them since "that way lies madness";[6] therefore, his own pronunciations are probably "wrong".[7] He agrees with those who feel English accents work better for fantasy works: "It is full of castles and lords and swords and knights and all the other trappings we associate with England in this country. It seems natural. It would be hard to do with a group of actors who had thick Southern accents".[8]
Game of Thrones
Within the television show Game of Thrones, accents generally reflect the region and class of the characters. (A specific class-based difference noted within the show is that the lords themselves carefully enunciate "my lord" as two words whereas commoners slur them into a monosyllabic "m'lud".[9]) Westerosi accents generally reflect those of Britain, from Northern among the First Men of the north and beyond the Wall to Welsh influence in the Vale to posh RP accents among the Andal nobility and clergy of the westerlands and crownlands. Essos comprises the rest of Eurasia and characters from its regions have spoken with Mediterranean (Braavos), Germanic (Lorath), and loosely Arabic accents (Dothraki).[10] The more peculiar accents of the Essos characters reflect that the Common Tongue (i.e., English) is not their native language.[11] These general differences have several notable exceptions among the actors: Eddard Stark's children speak with southern British accents while Samwell Tarly (from Horn Hill, south of Highgarden) speaks with John Bradley-West's Mancunian dialect. Asshai is nowhere near Lorath but Melisandre speaks with Carice van Houten's native Dutch accent.[10]
The show hired the linguist David J. Peterson to flesh out Essos's Dothraki language.[12] He then went on to create Valyrian from only three phrases appearing in the books: dracarys, valar morghulis, and valar dohaeris. He runs a blog detailing the grammar of the two languages[13] and provides translations of (and audio files for) Martin's books and the actors' lines[14] but his pronunciations are not necessarily canonical: showrunners opted against his pronunciation of khaleesi, actors change phrasings and vocalizations, and editors clip sentences during post-production.[12]
Audio Books
All of the audiobooks of the series have now been read by Roy Dotrice, OBE, the British actor who played Hallyne the Pyromancer in season 2 of the television show. Owing to scheduling issues, A Feast for Crows was also initially read by John Lee, who speaks an Irish-tinged British English.[15] Martin credited the audiobooks with having consulted him on most of the 'hard' names and getting them right, but noted that they "then went and got all the easy ones wrong".[7]
Guide
For help understanding the pronunciations, see IPA for English[16] and the pronunciation respelling key at Wikipedia.[17] For further information on dialectical differences, see IPA for English dialects.
The following abbreviations are employed:
- grrm: George R.R. Martin (kindly provide sources for these)
- hbo: the television show
- djp: David J. Peterson, the show's linguist
- rd: the Roy Dotrice audio books
- jl: the John Lee audio book of A Feast for Crows
Given Names
Source | IPA | Pronunciation | |
---|---|---|---|
Aegon | hbo | ['ɛɡɔn] | eg-on |
hbo | ['eɪɡɔn] | ay-gon | |
Aemon | grrm[18] | ['eɪmɒn] | ay-mon |
Aenys | rd | ['eɪnɪs] | ay-nis |
Aerion | grrm[18] | ['ɑɹiɒn] | ar-ee-on |
Aeron | — | ['ɛəɹən] | air-ən, like Aaron |
Aerys | hbo[19] | ['eɪɹiz] | err-eez |
Alliser | hbo[19] | ['ælɪsəɹ] | al-iss-er |
Areo | grrm[20] | ['ɑɹiəʊ] | ar-ee-oh |
Arya | grrm[18][21][22][23] & hbo[19] | ['ɑɹjə] | ar-yə, like are ya |
Arys | grrm[18] | ['ɛəɹɪs] | air-iss |
Asha | hbo | ['jæɹə] | ya-ra |
Baelor | hbo[19] | ['beɪlɔɹ] | bay-lor |
Balerion | grrm[18] | [bɑ'lɛəriɒn] | bah-lair-ee-on |
Balon | grrm[18] | ['bælɒn] | bal-on |
Barristan | hbo[19] | ['bɛəɹɪstɪn] | bair-iss-tin, like bear |
Benjen | grrm[24] | ['bɛndʒɛn] | ben-jen |
hbo[19] | ['bɛndʒɪn] | ben-jin | |
Bran | grrm[25][18] | [bɹæːn] | bran |
Brienne | grrm[26] | [bɹi'ɛəni] | bree-an-ee |
grrm[4][23] | [bɹi'əni] | bree-ə-nee | |
grrm[27] | [bɹi'ɑn] | bree-an | |
hbo & rd | [bɹi'ɛn] | bree-en | |
rd | [bɹaɪ'i:n] | bry-een | |
Caleotte | grrm[20] | ['kæliɒt] | kal-ee-aht |
Catelyn | grrm[18][28][29][30] | ['kætəlɪn] | kat-ə-lin |
grrm[31] & hbo[19] | ['kætlɪn] | kat-lin | |
Cersei | grrm[26][18][30][24][23] | ['sɜɹseɪ] | serr-say |
hbo[19] | ['sɜɹsi] | serr-see | |
rd | ['sɜ:si] | suh-see | |
jl | ['sɪəseɪ] | sih-ə-say | |
Chataya | grrm[32] | shə-ty-yə | |
Ch'Vyalthan | got[33] | ʃ(ə)ˈvaɪlˌθən | sh(ə)-vyle-thən |
Daenerys | grrm[26][7] & hbo[19] | [də'nɛəɹɪs] | də-nair-iss |
grrm[23] | [deɪn'ɛəɹɪs] | dayn-air-iss | |
Damphair | grrm[34] & jl | ['dæmphɛəɹ] | damp-hair |
rd | ['dæmfɛəɹ] | dam-fair | |
Dany | grrm[26][18] | ['dæni] | dan-nee, like Danny |
Davos | grrm[26][31][27] | ['dɑːvoʊs] | dah-vohs |
Dolorous | grrm[35] | ['dɒləɹəs] | dol-ər-əs, like dollar |
Doran | grrm[20][36] | [dəʊ'ɹæn] | doh-ran |
Drogo | hbo[19] | ['dɹoʊɡoʊ] | droh-goh |
Eddard | hbo[19] | ['ɛdɑɹd] | ed-dard |
Elia | grrm[36] | el-lee-ə | |
Euron | grrm[18] | ['jʌɹɒn] | yur-on, like yer on |
rd | [jɔːɒn] | yawr-on, like British you're on | |
Gendry | hbo[19] | ['ɡɪndɹi] | ghin-dree |
rd | ['dʒɪndɹi] | jin-dree | |
Gregor | hbo[19] | [ɡrə'gɔɹ] | grə-gor |
Hodor | grrm[4] & hbo[19] | ['hoʊdɔɹ] | hoh-dor |
Hoster | hbo[19] | ['hɒstəɹ] | hoss-ter |
Illyrio | hbo[19] | [ɪ'liɹioʊ] | il-leer-ee-oh |
Ilyn | hbo[19] | ['ɪlɪn] | il-in |
Irri | hbo[19] | ['aɪɹi] | eye-ree |
Jaime | grrm[26][18][27][30][21][7][23] & hbo | ['dʒeɪmi] | jay‑mee, like Jamie |
Janos | hbo[19] | ['dʒænoʊs] | ja-nohs |
Jeor | hbo[19] | ['dʒiɔɹ] | jee-or |
Jeyne | grrm[37][18] | [dʒeɪn] | jayn, like Jane |
Joffrey | grrm[18] & hbo[19] | ['dʒɒfɹi] | joff-ree |
Jojen | — | ['dʒəʊdʒən] | joh-jən |
Jon | grrm[26] & hbo | [dʒɒn] | jon, like John |
Jonquil | grrm[35] | ['dʒɒnkɪl] | jon-kil |
Jorah | hbo[19] | ['dʒɔɹə] | jor-ə |
Jory | grrm[27] & hbo[19] | ['dʒɔɹi] | jor-ee |
Loras | grrm[27] | ['lɔɹɑs] | lor-as |
hbo[19] | ['lɔɹəs] | lor-əs | |
Luwin | hbo[19] | ['luːwɪn] | loo-win |
Lyanna | grrm[31] | ly-an-ə | |
Lysa | grrm[24] | [laɪsɑː] | ly-sah |
hbo[19] | ['laɪsə] | ly-sə | |
Mance | grrm[38] | [mæns] | mans, like manse |
Margaery | grrm[27] & rd | [mɑɹdʒəɹi] | mar-jə-ree, like Margery |
Melisandre | grrm[27] | ['mɛlɪˌsændrə] | mel-ih-san-drə |
Meraxes | grrm[18] | [məɹ'ɑksiz] | mər-ahk-seez |
Missandei | grrm[31] | ['misɑndeɪ] | meess-ahn-day |
Moqorro | grrm[18] | ['moʊkʰɔroʊ] | moh-kor-roh |
Mordane | hbo[19] | ['mɔrdeɪn] | mor-dayn |
Myrcella | grrm[39] & hbo[19] | [məɹ'sɛlə] | mər-sel-ə |
Ned | grrm[27][30] & hbo | [nɛd] | ned |
Nymeria | hbo[19] | [ni'miɹiə] | ny-meer-ee-ə |
Oberyn | hbo | ['oʊbəɹɪn] | oh-bə-rin |
Petyr | grrm[40] & hbo[19] | ['pi:təɹ] | pee-tər, like Peter |
rd | [pɪ'taɪəɹ] | pih-ty-ər, like tyre | |
jl | [pə'tɪɹ] | pə-tir | |
Pyat | grrm[39] | ['piæt] | pee-at |
Pycelle | hbo[19] | ['pisɛl] | py-sel |
Pyp | hbo[19] | [pɪp] | pip |
Qotho | hbo[19] | ['kwoʊθoʊ] | kwoh-thoh |
Qyburn | hbo | ['kaɪbʌɹn] | ky-burn |
Renly | grrm[27] & hbo[19] | ['ɹɪnli] | rin-lee |
Rhaegar | grrm[41] & hbo[19] | ['ɹeɪgɑɹ] | ray-gar |
Rickon | grrm[26] & hbo[19] | ['ɹɪkɒn] | rik-on |
R'hllor | grrm[42][43] | [ɹəlɔr] | rə-lor |
Robb | grrm[30][18] & hbo[19] | [ɹɑb] | rob |
Rodrik | hbo[19] | ['ɹɑːdɹɪk] | rah-drik |
Samwell | hbo[19] | ['sæmwɛl] | sam-wel |
Sandor | hbo[19] | [sændɔɹ] | san-dor[45] |
Sansa | grrm[31] | ['sɔːnsə] | sawn-sə |
grrm[21][23] & hbo | ['sænsə] | san-sə | |
hbo[19] | ['sɑːnsə] | sahn-sə | |
hbo | ['sænzə] | san-zə | |
Stannis | grrm[38][27] | ['stænɪs] | stan-iss |
Syrio | hbo[19] | ['siɹioʊ] | seer-ee-oh |
Theon | hbo[19] | ['θiɒn] | thee-on |
Tobho | grrm[35] | [toʊ:'boʊ] | toh-boh |
Tommen | grrm[20][31] | ['toʊmən] | tohm‑ən, like omen[32] |
hbo[19] | ['tɑːmən] | tah-mən, like ramen | |
rd & jl | ['tɒmən] | tom-ən, like common | |
Tyrion | grrm[26][18][30][21][24][23] & hbo[19] | ['tɪəɹiən] | teer-ee-ən |
Tysha | grrm[44] | ['tɪʃə] | tish-ə |
hbo | ['taɪʃə] | ty-shə | |
Tywin | grrm[21][28] & hbo[19] | ['taɪwɪn] | ty-win |
Varamyr | grrm[38] | ['væɹəmiɹ] | var-ə-meer |
Varys | grrm[31] | ['væɹʌs] | var-us |
hbo[19] | ['vɛəɹɪs] | vair-iss | |
Vhagar | grrm[18] | ['veɪgɑr] | vay-gar |
Victarion | grrm[18] | [vɪk'tɛəɹiɑn] | vik-tair-ee-ahn |
Viserys | hbo[19] | [vɪ'sɛːɹɪs] | vih-serr-iss |
Walder | hbo[19] | ['wɔldəɹ] | wal-dər |
Waymar | hbo[19] | ['weɪmɑɹ] | way-mar |
Wulfe | grrm[18] | ['wʊlf] | wuulf, like wolf |
Xaro Xhoan | hbo | ['zaːɹəʊ 'zəʊ.æn] | zah-roh zoh-an |
Ygritte | grrm[27] | ['igɹɪt] | ee-grit, like egret |
Yoren | hbo[19] | ['jɔəɹɪn] | yor-in, like you're in |
Houses and Surnames
Source | IPA | Pronunciation | |
---|---|---|---|
Arryn | hbo[19] | ['ɛəɹɪn] | air-in |
Baelish | hbo[19] | ['beɪlɪʃ] | bay-lish |
Baratheon | grrm[30][18] | [bɑ'ɹæθiɒn] | bah-ra-thee-on |
hbo[19] | [bə'ɹæθiən] | bə-rath-ee-ən | |
Cassel | hbo[19] | [kəs'ɛl] | kəs-el |
Clegane | hbo[19] | [klɪ'ɡeɪn] | clih-gayn |
Daxos | hbo | ['dɒksoʊs] | dok-sohs |
Forel | hbo[19] | [fɔɹ'ɛl] | for-el |
Frey | grrm[35] & hbo | [fɹeɪ] | fray |
Greyjoy | grrm[18] & hbo[19] | ['ɡɹeɪdʒɔɪ] | gray-joy |
Hotah | grrm[20] | ['həʊtɑː] | hoh-tah |
Lannister | grrm[26][18] & hbo[19] | ['lænɪstəɹ] | lan-iss-tər |
Mormont | hbo[19] | ['mɔrmɒnt] | mor-mont |
Payne | hbo[19] | [peɪn] | payn, like pain |
Rayder | grrm[38] | [ɹeɪdəɹ] | ray-dər, like raider |
Royce | hbo[19] | ['ɹɔɪs] | like Rolls Royce |
Seaworth | grrm[27] | ['siwəɹθ] | see-wərth |
Selmy | hbo[19] | ['sɛlmi] | sel-mee, like sell me |
Slynt | hbo[19] | [slɪnt] | slint |
Snow | grrm[30] & hbo | [snoʊ] | snoh, like snow |
Stark | grrm[26][18] & hbo[19] | [stɑɹk] | stark |
Targaryen | grrm[26][28][7][18] & hbo[19] | [tɑɹ'gɛəɹiən] | tar-gair-ee-ən |
Tarly | hbo[19] | ['tæɹli] | tar-lee |
Thorne | hbo[19] | ['θɔɹn] | thorn |
Tully | grrm[30] & hbo[19] | ['tʌli] | tul-ee |
Tyrell | grrm[27] & hbo | ['tirɛl] | ty-rel |
hbo[19] | ['tɪrʌl] | tih-rul | |
Westerling | grrm[18] | ['wɛstəɹliŋ] | wes-ter-leeng |
Places and Peoples
Source | IPA | Pronunciation | |
---|---|---|---|
Andals | grrm[25] | [æn'dəlz] | an-dəlz |
hbo[19] | ['ændælz] | an-dalz | |
Asshai | hbo[19] | [ə'ʃaɪ] | ə-shy |
rd | [a'ʃaɪ] | a-shy | |
jl | ['aʃaɪ] | ash-eye | |
Astapor | grrm[18] | [ɑː'stɑpɔɹ] | ah-stah-por |
Blackwater | grrm[27] | ['blækˌwɑtəɹ] | brak-wah-tər |
Braavos | hbo[19] | ['bɹɑːvoʊs] | brah-vohs |
Moat Cailin | grrm[31] | moht kah-lan | |
Casterly Rock | grrm[27] | ['kæstəɹli rɑk] | ka-stər-lee rok |
Dyre Den | grrm[46] | [daɪ̯əɹ dɛn] | dy-ər den |
Dothraki | grrm[25] | [dɒθ'rækaɪ] | doth-ra-kai |
grrm[39] | [dɒθ'ræki] | doth-ra-kee | |
hbo[19] | [dɒθ'ræki] | doth-rak-ee | |
Essos | hbo[19] | ['ɛsoʊs] | ess-ohs |
The Eyrie | hbo[19] | ['ɪəri] | eer-ee, like eerie |
Ghis | grrm[39] | geess, like geese | |
Harrenhal | hbo[19] | ['hɛəɹɪnhɑːl] | hair-in-hahl |
Highgarden | grrm[27] | ['haɪˌgɑɹdɪn] | hy-gar-din |
Isle of Cedars | grrm[18] | ['aɪəl əv sidəɹs] | eye-əl əv see-dərs |
Lys | grrm[44] | [lis] | leess |
Meereen | grrm[18] | [mə'ɹin] | mə-reen, similar to marine |
Myr | grrm | ['maɪəɹ] | my-ər, like mire |
Pentos | hbo[19] | ['pɛntoʊs] | pen-tohs |
Pyke | grrm[18] | ['paɪk] | pyk |
Qarth | grrm[18] | [kɔrθ] | korth |
hbo[19] | [kwɑrθ] | kwarth | |
hbo | [xɑrθ] | kharth | |
sept | hbo[19] | [sɛpt] | sept |
Tyrosh | grrm[44] | ty-rosh | |
Vaes Dothrak | hbo[19] | ['viɪs dɒθ'ræk] | vy-iss doth-rak |
Valyria | grrm[18] | [væ'lɛəɹiə] | va-lair-ee-ə |
hbo[19] | ['vəliɹiə] | və-leer-ee-ə | |
Westeros | grrm[26][25] | ['wɛs təɹ oʊs] | wes-tər-ohs |
hbo[19] | ['wɛs tɛ ɹoʊs] | wes-te-rohs | |
Old and Great Wyk | grrm[18] | ['wɪk] | wik |
Winterfell | grrm[18] | [ˈwɪnˌtəɹfɛl] | win-tər-fel |
Yunkai | grrm[18] | ['jʌnkaɪ] | yun-kai |
Titles
Source | IPA | Pronunciation | |
---|---|---|---|
Khal | hbo[19] | ['xɑl] | khahl |
rd | ['kɑɹl] | karl, like Carl | |
Khaleesi | grrm[31] & hbo[19] | ['kɑliːsiː] | kal-ee-see |
hbo | [kɑː'liːsiː] | ka-lee-see | |
djp[47] | [ˈxaleesi] | khah-lay-ay-see | |
Maester | grrm[18][24][41][31][7] & hbo[19] | ['meɪstəɹ] | may-stər |
hbo | ['meɪstɝː] | may-sterr | |
Septa | hbo[19] | ['sɛptə] | sep-tə |
Ser | grrm[18][7] | [sɛɹ] | serr, like sir |
hbo[19] | [sɛəɹ] | sair |
External links
References and Notes
- ↑ Peterson, Britt. "Yes, Writing Languages for 'Game of Thrones' Is a Real Job". Boston Globe, 6 Apr 2014. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Yet More Questions (July 22, 2001)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 So Spake Martin: Odyssey Con 2008 (Madison, Wi) (April 06, 2008)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (New York City, NY) (November 15, 2005)
- ↑ Salter, Jessica. "Game of Thrones: Interview with George RR Martin". The Telegraph, 25 Mar 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Cyvasse, Accents, Historical Mysteries, and Dornish Nationalism (April 18, 2008)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (Albuquerque, NM) (November 29, 2005)
- ↑ Wheeler, Brian. "Why Are Fantasy World Accents British?" BBC News Magazine, 30 Mar 2012. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 2, "A Man Without Honor", Tywin Lannister to Arya Stark.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Read, Max. "What Is Going on with the Accents in Game of Thrones?". Gawker, 6 May 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 4, "Oathkeeper", Daenerys requests that the leaders of her army begin learning Common Tongue.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Martin, Denise. "Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian from the Man who Invented Them for Game of Thrones". Vulture, 24 Apr 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: A Language of Fire and Blood. Accessed 1 May 2014.
- ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan. "Tongues of Ice and Fire: Creating the Languages in Game of Thrones". Time, 3 May 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ Narrator Profile: John Lee". AudioFile Magazine. Accessed 2 May 2014.
- ↑ For further information on IPA, see Wikipedia's article on the International Phonetic Alphabet. The IPA can be somewhat non-intuitive for native English-speakers, particularly since it uses continental values for its vowels.
- ↑ For further information on respelling, see pronunciation respelling for English.
- ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 So Spake Martin: TIFF: In Conversation With... George R.R. Martin, Parts 1–3. (March 15, 2012)
- ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.50 19.51 19.52 19.53 19.54 19.55 19.56 19.57 19.58 19.59 19.60 19.61 19.62 19.63 19.64 19.65 19.66 19.67 19.68 19.69 19.70 19.71 19.72 19.73 19.74 19.75 19.76 19.77 19.78 19.79 19.80 19.81 19.82 19.83 19.84 19.85 19.86 19.87 Making Game of Thrones. "Inside the Series: Official Pronunciation Guide for 'Game of Thrones'". HBO, 11 Feb 2011.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Canadian Broadcast Channel.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 So Spake Martin: Days of Ice and Fire Official Report (November 12, 2010)
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Cersei and Homer (September 10, 1999)
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (New York, NY) (November 15, 2005)
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 So Spake Martin: Various Pronunciations (October 24, 1998)
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 The Bear Swarm! Podcast, Episode 136 – George R.R. Martin and a Song of Ice and Fire. 22 Nov 2010.
- ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Random House, Nov 2005.
- ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 TIFF. "Higher Learning: Master Class with George R.R. Martin". TIFF, 13 Dec 2012.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 So Spake Martin: Cody's Signing (Berkley, Ca) (November 11, 2000)
- ↑ So Spake Martin: Canadian Signing Tour (Toronto) (January 09, 2006)
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.8 Inside Game of Thrones (Dec 5, 2010)
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.9 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
- ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 2, "The Prince of Winterfell", [excerpt].
- ↑ Amazon Books. "George R.R. Martin Answers Facebook Fans' Questions". YouTube, 12 Jan 2012.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 So Spake Martin: ConQuest (Kansas City, MO; May 27-29) (May 27, 2005)
- ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 37, The Prince of Winterfell.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 So Spake Martin: Post-Reading Q&A Video (Worldcon) (September 03, 2010)
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 So Spake Martin: Interaction (Glasgow, Scotland, UK; August 4-8) (August 04, 2005)
- ↑ So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 So Spake Martin: Pronunciations (May 08, 1999)
- ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 34, Arya VI.
- ↑ Not A Blog: Comment (Jan 20, 2014)
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)
- ↑ The resemblance to a Hungarian name was unintentional.[44]
- ↑ Not A Blog: Comment (Nov 1, 2011)
- ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: "Developing Canon". 18 Mar 2012.