Difference between revisions of "Red Wedding"

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(I added a battle infobox. Also, Galbart and Maege carry false documents, not Robb's will.)
(Aftermath: Freys' reputation)
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{{Template:Battlebox
 
{{Template:Battlebox
| image      =  
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| image      = [[File:A Price of Honor nejna.png|350px]]
| caption    =
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| caption    = The deaths of Robb and Catelyn Stark, by nejna© 
 
| battle_name = Red Wedding
 
| battle_name = Red Wedding
 
| conflict    = [[War of the Five Kings]]
 
| conflict    = [[War of the Five Kings]]
 
| date        = {{Date|299}}
 
| date        = {{Date|299}}
| place       = [[the Twins]], [[the Riverlands]]
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| place       = The [[Twins]], [[riverlands]]
| result      = [[House Frey|Frey]] victory
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| result      = [[Iron Throne]] victory
| combatant1  = [[House Stark|Stark]] army
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* Robb Stark and most of his loyal soldiers killed
| combatant2  = [[House Frey|Frey]] army<br>[[House Bolton|Bolton]] army
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* Roose Bolton declared the new [[Warden of the North]]
| commander1  = King [[Robb Stark]]
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| combatant1  = [[File:House Baratheon (King's Landing).svg|33px]] '''[[Iron Throne]]'''/ [[House Baratheon of King's Landing]]:<br>
| commander2 = Lord [[Walder Frey]]<br>Lord [[Roose Bolton]]<br>Ser [[Walder Rivers]]
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| strength1  = 3,500{{ref|ASOS|45}}
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[[File:House Frey.svg|30px]] [[Riverlands]], led by [[House Frey]]
| strength2  = castle garrison<br>3,500 [[House Bolton|Boltons]] and [[House Karstark|Karstarks]]{{ref|ASOS|49}}
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*[[House Goodbrook]]{{ref|ASOS|52}}{{ref|ASOS|epilogue}}
| casualties1 = [[Red Wedding#Known victims|See below]]<br>majority slaughtered
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*[[House Haigh]]{{ref|ASOS|epilogue}}
| casualties2 = [[Red Wedding#Perpetrator casualties|See below]]<br>50 Freys in the camps{{ref|ASOS|Epilogue}}
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[[File:House Bolton.svg|30px]] The [[North]], led by [[House Bolton]]
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*[[House Karstark]]
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| combatant2  = [[File:House Stark.svg|30px]] '''[[King in the North|Kingdom of the North]] and [[King of the Trident|the Trident]]'''/ [[House Stark]]:<br>
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The [[North]]
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*[[House Burley]]{{refn|group=N|name=Burley|Burley men are not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding but are earlier mentioned as being part of Roose's host that is attacked by the [[Mountain's men]] whilst [[Fighting at the fords of the Trident|crossing the Trident]], shortly before the Red Wedding.{{ref|ASOS|49}} Therefore it can be assumed that the remnants of Houses Burley were present at the Red Wedding.}}
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*[[House Cerwyn]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Dustin]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Flint of Flint's Finger]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}{{ref|ASOS|51}}{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Flint of Widow's Watch]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Glover]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}
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*[[House Hornwood]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}
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*[[House Locke]]{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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*[[House Manderly]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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*[[House Mollen]]{{refn|group=N|name=Mollen|House Mollen is not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding. However as they were present with Robb at the Whispering Wood it can be assumed they were present at later battles and events in the riverlands and westerlands, including the Red Wedding.}}
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*[[House Mormont]]{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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*[[House Norrey]]{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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*[[House Ryswell]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Slate]]{{refn|group=N|name=Slate|House Slate is not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding. However it is stated by Lady [[Barbrey Dustin]] that the Slates campaigned in the riverlands & westerlands with Robb Stark.{{ref|ADWD|46}} Therefore it can be assumed that Slates were present at the Red Wedding.}}
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*[[House Tallhart]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
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*[[House Umber]]{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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[[File:House Tully.svg|30px]] [[Riverlands]], led by [[House Tully]]
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*[[House Blackwood]]{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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*[[House Bracken]]{{ref|ADWD|48}}
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*[[House Darry]]{{refn|group=N|name=Darry|The remnants of House Darry are present with Edmure Tully during the [[Battle of the Fords]], therefore it can be assumed they are part of the host that accompanies Edmure & Robb to the Twins and so is present at the Red Wedding.}}
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*[[House Goodbrook]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}
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*[[House Mallister]]{{ref|AFFC|38}}
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*[[House Paege]]{{ref|ASOS|appendix}}
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*[[House Piper]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}{{ref|ASOS|65}}
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*[[House Smallwood]]{{ref|ASOS|50}}
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*[[House Vance of Wayfarer's Rest|House Vance]]{{ref|ASOS|45}}{{ref|ASOS|51}}
 +
 
 +
[[Westerlands]]
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*[[House Westerling]]{{ref|AFFC|44}}
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| commander1 = [[File:House Frey.svg|20px]] Lord [[Walder Frey]]<br>[[File:House Bolton.svg|20px]] Lord [[Roose Bolton]]<br>[[File:House Frey (Walder Rivers).svg|20px]] Ser [[Walder Rivers]]
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| commander2  = [[File:House Stark (Robb).svg|20px]] King [[Robb Stark]]
 +
| strength1  = Thousands of Freys{{ref|ASOS|49}}<br>3,500 [[House Bolton|Boltons]] and [[House Karstark|Karstarks]]{{ref|ASOS|49}}
 +
| strength2  = 3,500 Northmen & Rivermen{{ref|ASOS|45}}
 +
| casualties1 = [[Red Wedding#Perpetrator Casualties|see below]]<br>50 Freys in the camps{{ref|ASOS|Epilogue}}<br>Unknown Bolton & Karstark casualties
 +
| casualties2 = [[Red Wedding#Known Victims|see below]]<br>Majority slaughtered
 
}}
 
}}
  
[[File:A Price of Honor nejna.png|350px|thumb|right|The deaths of [[Robb Stark|Robb]], [[Catelyn Stark|Catelyn]], and [[Aegon Frey (Jinglebell)|Jinglebell]] - by nejna ©]]
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The '''Red Wedding''' is a massacre at the wedding feast of [[Edmure Tully]], Lord of [[Riverrun]], and [[Roslin Frey]] at the [[Twins]] in {{Date|299}} during the [[War of the Five Kings]]. The [[King in the North]], [[Robb Stark]], his mother [[Catelyn Stark|Catelyn]], and most of his three thousand five hundred soldiers are slaughtered. The event is orchestrated by its host, Lord [[Walder Frey]], as revenge for Robb's breaking of a marriage pact he made with [[House Frey]], and Walder's conspirator, Lord [[Roose Bolton]]. However, Walder would never have gone along with the massacre which violated all the sacred [[Guest right|laws of hospitality]] without the promise of protection from Lord [[Tywin Lannister]], the [[Hand of the King]] to [[Joffrey Baratheon|Joffrey I Baratheon]].
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==Background==
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[[File:Jeyne WesterlingLauren Cannon.JPG|350px|thumb|[[Jeyne Westerling]] nursing [[Robb Stark]] - by Lauren Cannon ©]]
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During the [[War of the Five Kings]], the [[House Frey|Freys]] initially rise in rebellion against the [[Iron Throne]], securing an invaluable strategic position for the [[north]]men. The rebellion is contingent on [[Robb Stark]]'s betrothal to one of Lord [[Walder Frey]]'s daughters.{{ref|AGOT|59}} However, Lady [[Sybell Spicer]] and her brother, Ser [[Rolph Spicer|Rolph]], maneuver Sybell's daughter, [[Jeyne Westerling]], into treating Robb's wounds after the [[storming of the Crag]].{{ref|AWOIAF| Sybell Spicer}} Informed of the alleged deaths of his brothers [[Bran Stark|Bran]] and [[Rickon Stark|Rickon]] after the [[capture of Winterfell]], Robb sleeps with Jeyne and then marries her, a slight that Walder is unlikely to overlook.{{ref|ASOS|14}} The Freys at [[Harrenhal]] with Lord [[Roose Bolton]] are outraged{{ref|ACOK|64}} and those at the Crag{{ref|ASOS|14}} and [[Riverrun]]{{ref|ASOS|2}} angrily return to the [[Twins]]. After learning of the broken pact, Walder secretly begins corresponding with Roose, who has wed Walder's granddaughter [[Walda Frey (daughter of Merrett)|Walda]], and Lord [[Tywin Lannister]] for terms to bring House Frey back as a supporter of the Iron Throne.
  
The '''Red Wedding''' is a massacre that takes place at [[the Twins]] in {{Date|299}} during the [[War of the Five Kings]], in which the [[King in the North]], [[Robb Stark]], his mother [[Catelyn Stark]], and most of his 3,500 bannermen are slaughtered. The event is orchestrated by Lord [[Walder Frey]] as revenge for Robb's breaking of a marriage pact he made with [[House Frey]]. However, Lord Walder would never have gone along with the massacre which violated all the sacred [[Guest right|laws of hospitality]] without the promise of protection from [[Tywin Lannister]].
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Separately, Robb's mother, [[Catelyn Stark]], releases Tywin's son, Ser [[Jaime Lannister]], from imprisonment at Riverrun, hoping [[Tyrion Lannister]] in [[King's Landing]] will exchange Jaime for Robb's sisters, [[Sansa Stark|Sansa]] and [[Arya Stark|Arya]].{{ref|ASOS|2}} En route, however, [[Vargo Hoat]]'s [[Brave Companions]] chop off Jaime's sword hand and bring him to Roose Bolton at Harrenhal.{{ref|ASOS|31}} Disavowing the Brave Companions' actions,{{ref|ASOS|37}} Roose, whose son [[Ramsay Snow|Ramsay]] was responsible for the [[sack of Winterfell]],{{ref|ACOK|66}} does not return Jaime to Robb or Lord [[Edmure Tully]], but instead sends Jaime back to his family in King's Landing. Before parting, Jaime and Roose agree to give the other's regards to Robb and Tywin.{{ref|ASOS|44}}
  
==Background==
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A ploy is developed in which Walder lures Robb to the Twins, under the pretense of an invite to another marriage pact, to allegedly forgive Robb's broken vow.{{ref|ASOS|35}} The marriage, between Robb's uncle Edmure and Walder's daughter [[Roslin Frey|Roslin]], is an invitation which Robb cannot decline after already slighting his allies once, since he needs House Frey's assistance for his planned [[siege of Moat Cailin]].{{ref|ASOS|45}} Robb leaves Jeyne at Riverrun with his great uncle, Ser [[Brynden Tully]], while he journeys north with thirty-five hundred, mostly northmen with some rivermen in Edmure's retinue.{{ref|ASOS|45}}
[[File:Red Wedding by FatherStone.jpg|300px|thumb|Red Wedding artistic depiction by FatherStone ©]]
 
During the [[War of the Five Kings]], the [[House Frey|Freys]] initially rise in rebellion against the [[Iron Throne]], securing an invaluable strategic position for the northmen. The rebellion is contingent on [[Robb Stark]]'s betrothal to one of Lord [[Walder Frey]]'s daughters. However, Robb breaks his promise when he marries [[Jeyne Westerling]], a slight that Walder is unlikely to overlook.  
 
  
After learning of the broken pact, Walder secretly begins conversing with Lord [[Tywin Lannister]] for terms to bring House Frey back as a supporter of the Iron Throne. Tywin also communicates with Lord [[Roose Bolton]] and [[Sybell Spicer|Sybell]] and [[Rolph Spicer]] and develops a devious ploy in which Walder lures Robb to [[the Twins]], under the pretense of an invite to another marriage pact, to allegedly forgive Robb's broken vow.  
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After Robb and his army arrive at the western castle of the Twins, he apologizes to Walder for his slight and [[Catelyn Stark]] asks for bread and salt to secure [[guest right]].{{ref|ASOS|49}} Robb, Catelyn, and Edmure are given chambers in the Water Tower between the two castles. Robb's men cross the roaring [[Green Fork]] to the eastern shore, where several thousand Freys are encamped amidst three great feast tents.{{ref|ASOS|49}} Freys use several wagons and carts as a perimeter wall for the eastern camp's three tents and numerous pavilions.{{ref|ASOS|50}} Roose Bolton brings five hundred horse and three thousand foot to the Twins, mostly men from the [[Dreadfort]], as well as some [[House Karstark|Karstarks]] whose loyalty is in question after Robb's execution of Lord [[Rickard Karstark]] at Riverrun.{{ref|ASOS|49}}
  
The marriage, between [[Edmure Tully]] and Walder's daughter [[Roslin Frey]], is an invitation which Robb cannot decline after already giving slight to his allies once. After Robb and his army of thirty-five hundred{{ref|ASOS|45}} arrive, he apologizes for his slight and [[Catelyn Tully]] asks for bread and salt to secure [[guest right]]. Roose Bolton brings five hundred horse and three thousand foot to the Twins, mostly men from [[the Dreadfort]], as well as some [[House Karstark|Karstarks]] whose loyalty is in question after Robb's execution of Lord [[Rickard Karstark]].{{ref|ASOS|49}}
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Lord Walder forbids Robb from keeping [[Grey Wind]] within his castles, since the Lord of the Crossing considers the [[direwolf]] dangerous.{{ref|ASOS|51}} Separately, the outlaw [[Sandor Clegane]] brings Robb's missing sister, Arya, toward the Twins in hopes of a reward.{{ref|ASOS|50}}
  
 
==Wedding Night==
 
==Wedding Night==
There is a feast and songs are sung including "[[Iron Lances]]" and "[[The Queen Took Off Her Sandal, the King Took Off His Crown]]".{{ref|ASOS|51}} The main food is pink lamb.
 
[[File:The_Red_Wedding.jpg|thumb|400px|right| Depiction of the Red Wedding by [https://www.facebook.com/ConorCampbellArtist?ref=hl/ Conor Campbell ©]]]
 
By using [[sellsword]]s and [[knight]]s at the feast disguised as musicians, and getting Robb's men too drunk to fight, Lord Walder Frey is able to coordinate a massacre with little loss to his own men.  The two twin castles and the outlying camps are signalled when the band begins playing "[[The Rains of Castamere]]" after the start of the [[bedding]] between Edmure and Roslin.  Few of the northmen have a chance to react, and most are butchered on the spot.
 
[[File:Tiziano Baracchi red wedding cat II.JPG|[[Catelyn Tully|Catelyn]] cut Jinglebell's throat. © FFG|thumb|300px|right]]
 
The Frey and Bolton men turn on the Stark soldiers. Specially-rigged feast tents collapse and are set aflame during the slaughter.  In the main hall, many of [[Robb's personal guard]] are killed by Freys, including [[Jon Umber (Smalljon)|Smalljon Umber]], [[Dacey Mormont]], and Ser [[Wendel Manderly]], as well as his mother [[Catelyn Tully|Catelyn]].  Roose Bolton personally slays Robb, who was previously shot by arrows, with a thrust to the heart. {{Ref|aSoS|51}}
 
  
Though no definitive count is known, most of the northmen are killed while [[House Frey]] loses only approximately fifty men in the camps, as well as Ser [[Garse Goodbrook]] and Ser [[Tytos Frey]], both of whom are killed by [[Sandor Clegane]].{{ref|ASOS|epilogue}}
 
  
After the battle, the Freys hack and mutilate Robb's body and cut off his head along with that of [[Grey Wind]], Robb's [[direwolf]]. In a mockery of Robb's relationship with his direwolf, the Freys sew Grey Wind's head onto Robb's decapitated body and place his bronze crown atop the direwolf's head. {{Ref|asos|58}} Lady Catelyn Tully has her throat slit and is later thrown naked into the river in a mockery of [[House Tully]] funeral customs. {{Ref|asos|58}}
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After Edmure weds Roslin, Lord Walder hosts a feast for the highborn in one of his castles, while a "bastard feast" for lesser ranks is held in the second castle.{{ref|ASOS|51}} Common soldiers celebrate in tents outside the castle. The Freys provide wagons and casks of [[ale]], [[mead]], and [[wine]] to their guests.{{ref|ASOS|50}}{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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Performed songs include "[[Alysanne (song)|Alysanne]]", "[[Flowers of Spring]]", "[[Iron Lances]]", and "[[The Queen Took Off Her Sandal, the King Took Off His Crown]]". A drunken [[Jon Umber|Greatjon Umber]] bellows "[[The Bear and the Maiden Fair]]".{{ref|ASOS|51}} Robb dances with Roslin, several other Freys, and [[Dacey Mormont]]. Several poor dishes are served, the most appetizing being pink lamb. Roose toasts Walder's grandsons, [[Walder Frey (son of Jammos)|Big Walder]] and [[Walder Frey (son of Merrett)|Little Walder]], who are in the care of Roose's son, [[Ramsay Snow]], after the [[sack of Winterfell]].{{ref|ACOK|66}} As part of the [[bedding]] custom, Edmure and Roslin depart the hall in the company of many guests of the opposite gender.
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By using [[sellsword]]s and [[knight]]s at the feast disguised as musicians, and getting Robb's men too drunk to fight, Lord Walder Frey is able to coordinate a massacre with little loss to his own men. While the unknowing Edmure beds Roslin,{{ref|AFFC|33}} the twin castles and the outlying camp are signalled when the band in Walder's hall begins playing "[[The Rains of Castamere]]".{{ref|ASOS|51}} Few of the northmen in the hall have a chance to react, and most are butchered on the spot by the musicians' crossbows or Frey knives. Ser [[Ryman Frey]] leads Frey men-at-arms with longaxes.
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Mailed northmen in shaggy fur cloaks—Boltons and possibly Karstarks—join the Freys, and the betrayers kill many of [[Robb Stark's personal guard]], including [[Jon Umber (son of Jon)|Smalljon Umber]], [[Dacey Mormont]], and Ser [[Wendel Manderly]]. Roose slays Robb, who was previously shot by crossbow bolts, with a thrust to the heart while stating that "[[A Storm of Swords-Chapter 44|Jaime Lannister sends his regards]]."{{Ref|aSoS|51}} Catelyn uses a knife to saw the neck of Lord Walder's grandson, the fool [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|Jinglebell]], after which Ser [[Raymund Frey]] slits Catelyn's throat.{{ref|ASOS|51}}
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While the Starks are being slaughtered in the hall, the unknowing Edmure impregnates Roslin in a bedchamber.{{ref|AFFC|33}} Some guests who had accompanied them, such as the Greatjon, [[Patrek Mallister]], and Ser [[Marq Piper]], are overwhelmed and taken captive.{{ref|AFFC|Appendix}} Freys kill Grey Wind in the yard with crossbow quarrels, despite Ser [[Raynald Westerling]]'s attempt to save the direwolf.{{ref|AFFC|44}}
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[[File:Tiziano Baracchi red wedding cat II.JPG|[[Catelyn Stark|Catelyn]] cuts [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|Jinglebell's]] throat. © FFG|thumb|300px|right]]
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In the camp outside the eastern castle, the three specially-rigged feast tents collapse and are set aflame with fire arrows during the slaughter, having been oiled earlier.{{ref|asos|52}} While drunken northmen burn inside the tents, [[Walder Rivers|Bastard Walder Rivers]] leads armored Frey men-at-arms against Robb's men outside of the tents. Sandor defends Arya against three men, including Ser [[Garse Goodbrook]] and Ser [[Tytos Frey]], and the [[Hound]] escapes with Arya after knocking the girl unconscious.{{ref|ASOS|52}}
  
Robb's crown is kept by [[Ryman Frey]].{{Ref|affc|38}} Later, during the [[Siege of Riverrun]] [[Jaime Lannister]] takes Robb's crown from [[Queen of whores|Ryman's whore]]. {{Ref|affc|38}}
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Though no definitive count is known, most of Robb's men are killed or captured, while House Frey loses approximately fifty men in the camps.{{ref|ASOS|epilogue}}  
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[[File:Lindsey Burcar Red Wedding II.png|350px|thumb|right|[[Robb Stark]]'s body, with [[Grey Wind]]'s head attached, paraded by the Freys - by Lindsey Burcar]]
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After the battle, the Freys hack and mutilate Robb's body and cut off his head along with that of Grey Wind. In a mockery of Robb's relationship with his direwolf, the Freys sew Grey Wind's head onto Robb's decapitated body and nail a crown atop the direwolf's head.{{Ref|asos|58}} Robb's bronze and iron crown is kept by Ryman Frey.{{Ref|affc|38}} Catelyn is thrown naked into the river in a mockery of [[House Tully]] funeral customs.{{Ref|asos|58}} Frey soldiers ride along the Green Fork in search of stray Stark survivors.{{ref|ASOS|65}}
  
 
==Aftermath==
 
==Aftermath==
The Red Wedding brings an end to the northern rebellion, with [[Roose Bolton]] being made the [[Warden of the North]] for his aid in it, and several great benefits befell [[House Frey]], including the [[House Frey of Riverrun|lordship]] of [[Riverrun]]. However, it also destroys what honor is left in the house, as they violated one of the oldest and most sacred traditions of old, the [[guest right]]. This leads to antipathy and disgust towards the house by most Westerosi, including their own allies. Additionally, though no other house has dreamed to repeat the breaking of the right, it has left a more lasting stain on the ancient guest right, with safety and security in a strange castle no longer being considered guaranteed.
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[[File:Red Wedding by FatherStone.jpg|300px|thumb|Red Wedding artistic depiction by FatherStone ©]]
  
The Iron Throne also gains a number of valuable prisoners which help resolve hostilities around Westeros. With [[Edmure Tully]] captive, Jaime Lannister is able to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the [[Siege of Riverrun]]. [[Black Walder Frey]] threatens to hang [[Patrek Mallister]] outside his father's castle which results in [[Seagard]]'s surrender. [[Jon Umber (Greatjon)|Greatjon Umber]] and [[Marq Piper]] are held as hostages to ensure their houses' loyalty; [[Hother Umber]] allies with the newly appointed Warden of the North, Roose Bolton, and Lord [[Clement Piper]] is forced to help besiege Riverrun.
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When [[Salladhor Saan]] tells [[Stannis Baratheon]] of the massacre, he reports that the [[smallfolk]] call it "The Red Wedding".{{ref|ASOS|54}} It ends the northern rebellion, with [[Roose Bolton]] being named the [[Warden of the North]] for his aid, and several great benefits to [[House Frey]], including the [[House Frey of Riverrun|lordship]] of [[Riverrun]]. However, it also destroys what honor is left in the house, as they violated one of the oldest and most sacred traditions of old, the [[guest right]]. This leads to antipathy and disgust towards the house by most [[Westeros]]i, including their own allies. Additionally, though no other house has dreamed to repeat the breaking of the right, it has left a more lasting stain on the ancient guest right, with safety and security in a strange castle no longer being considered guaranteed.
  
Since the Red Wedding, several of Lord Walder Frey's kin have been killed by the [[brotherhood without banners]] or northmen such as [[Wyman Manderly]] in retaliation. Perhaps ironically, more members of House Frey have died due to the repercussions of the Red Wedding than during the [[War of the Five Kings]].
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The [[Iron Throne]] gains a number of valuable prisoners which help resolve hostilities around Westeros, and most river lords bend the knee.{{ref|ASOS|62}}{{ref|ASOS|72}} With [[Edmure Tully]] captive, Ser [[Jaime Lannister]] is able to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the [[siege of Riverrun]]. [[Walder Frey (son of Ryman)|Black Walder Frey]] threatens to hang [[Patrek Mallister]] outside his father's castle which results in Lord [[Jason Mallister|Jason's]] surrender at the [[siege of Seagard]]. [[Jon Umber|Greatjon Umber]] and Ser [[Marq Piper]] are held as hostages to ensure their houses' loyalty; [[Hother Umber]] allies with Lord Bolton, and Lord [[Clement Piper]] is forced to help besiege Riverrun. Lord [[Jonos Bracken]] besieges Lord [[Tytos Blackwood]] at [[siege of Raventree|Raventree]].{{ref|ADWD|48}} To the displeasure of the Freys, they are informed by Jaime that King [[Tommen Baratheon|Tommen I Baratheon]] requires that all prisoners taken during the Red Wedding be turned over to the Iron Throne.{{ref|AFFC|44}}
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The massacre ruins House Frey's reputation. When [[Edwyn Frey]] calls those of [[House Piper]] who died at the Twins "traitors and rebels", Jaime Lannister tells his Frey allies that they are "twice as treacherous as Piper".{{ref|AFFC|38}} [[Bronze Yohn Royce]] mentions the Freys as an example of guest right violators.{{ref|AFFC|23}} Several of Lord Walder Frey's kin have been killed by the [[Brotherhood Without Banners]] (under the leadership of Lady Stoneheart, the resurrected Catelyn Stark) or northmen such as Lord [[Wyman Manderly]] in retaliation. During the siege of Riverrun Jaime sees Robb's crown worn by [[Queen of whores|Ryman's whore]].{{Ref|affc|38}} The crown ends up in the grasp of Lady Stoneheart{{ref|AFFC|42}} after Ryman's party is ambushed.{{ref|AFFC|44}}
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Northmen resent the presence of Freys who traveled with Lord Bolton to Winterfell for the wedding of his son [[Ramsay Snow|Ramsay]], since many lost kin at the Red Wedding.{{ref|ADWD|46}} The thousands of [[sparrow]]s in the capital are especially furious about the massacre and violation of guest right. The [[small council]] discusses how to blame the Freys, and not the Iron Throne, for the Red Wedding,{{ref|AFFC|17}} as did Tywin before his death.{{ref|ASOS|53}}
  
 
==Frey Version==
 
==Frey Version==
[[Jared Frey]] tells Lord [[Wyman Manderly]] that, contrary to the true story, the Red Wedding was actually [[Robb Stark]]’s work. According to the Frey fictionalization, Robb changed into a wolf-man beast before the eyes of the Freys and tore out the throat of [[Aegon Frey (Jinglebell)|Jinglebell]], a harmless simpleton. Furthermore, he allegedly would have slain Lord [[Walder Frey]] if Ser [[Wendel Manderly]] had not put himself in the way. According to this version of the event, the other northmen also turned into wolves to join Robb's attack.{{ref|ADWD|19}}
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[[File:The_Red_Wedding.jpg|thumb|400px|right| Depiction of the Red Wedding by [https://www.facebook.com/ConorCampbellArtist?ref=hl/ Conor Campbell ©]]]
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Ser [[Jared Frey]] tells Lord [[Wyman Manderly]] that, contrary to the true story, the Red Wedding was actually [[Robb Stark]]'s work. According to the Frey fictionalization, Robb changed into a wolf-man beast before the eyes of the Freys and tore out the throat of [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|Jinglebell]], a harmless simpleton. Furthermore, he allegedly would have slain Lord [[Walder Frey]] if Ser [[Wendel Manderly]] had not put himself in the way. According to this version of the event, the other northmen also turned into wolves to join Robb's attack.{{ref|ADWD|19}}
  
 
==Participants==
 
==Participants==
[[File:Robb Stark TeiIku.jpg|300px|thumb|Jaime Lannister sends his regards - by TeiIku ©]]
 
[[File:Zippo514 youngwolf.jpg|The King in the North - by Zippo514 ©|thumb|300px|right]]
 
 
===Architects===
 
===Architects===
* Lord [[Tywin Lannister]]
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* Lord [[Tywin Lannister]].
* Lord [[Walder Frey]]
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* Lord [[Walder Frey]].
* Lord [[Roose Bolton]]
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* Lord [[Roose Bolton]].
* [[Lothar Frey|Lame Lothar Frey]], organizes the massacre with Lord Bolton and assigns a task for each Frey.
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* [[Lothar Frey|Lame Lothar Frey]], organizes the massacre with Lord Bolton and assigns a task for each Frey.{{ref|asos|epilogue}}
* Ser [[Rolph Spicer]] and his sister Lady [[Sybell Spicer]] plot with Lord Tywin but do not realise Sybell's son, [[Raynald Westerling]], would be in danger.
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* Ser [[Rolph Spicer]] and his sister, Lady [[Sybell Spicer|Spicer]], plot with Tywin but do not realize Sybell's son, Ser [[Raynald Westerling]], would be in danger.
  
 
===Perpetrators===
 
===Perpetrators===
 
====In the Main Hall====
 
====In the Main Hall====
* [[Merrett Frey]] and [[Petyr Frey]] are tasked with getting the [[Greatjon Umber]] too drunk to fight back; they fail and pass out.
+
* [[Merrett Frey]] and [[Petyr Frey]] are tasked with getting [[Jon Umber|Greatjon Umber]] too drunk to fight back; they fail and pass out.
 
* Ser [[Danwell Frey]], plays a drinking game with [[Marq Piper]].
 
* Ser [[Danwell Frey]], plays a drinking game with [[Marq Piper]].
 
* Ser [[Ryman Frey]] slays [[Dacey Mormont]].
 
* Ser [[Ryman Frey]] slays [[Dacey Mormont]].
* [[Black Walder Frey]] slays a Vance.
+
* [[Walder Frey (son of Ryman)|Black Walder Frey]] slays a Vance.
 
* Ser [[Hosteen Frey]] slays [[Lucas Blackwood]].
 
* Ser [[Hosteen Frey]] slays [[Lucas Blackwood]].
 
* Ser [[Leslyn Haigh]] tries to subdue the drunk Greatjon Umber and loses an ear in the process.
 
* Ser [[Leslyn Haigh]] tries to subdue the drunk Greatjon Umber and loses an ear in the process.
 
* Ser [[Whalen Frey]] also drinks with the Greatjon but is sent to the yard to deal with [[Grey Wind]].
 
* Ser [[Whalen Frey]] also drinks with the Greatjon but is sent to the yard to deal with [[Grey Wind]].
* Lord Roose Bolton personally kills the injured [[Robb Stark]] with a sword thrust to the heart.
+
* Lord Roose Bolton kills the injured [[Robb Stark]] with a sword thrust to the heart.
* Ser [[Raymund Frey]] slits [[Catelyn Tully]]'s throat.
+
* Ser [[Raymund Frey]] slits [[Catelyn Stark]]'s throat.
 +
* [[North]]men wearing mail and fur cloaks ([[House Bolton|Boltons]] and possibly [[House Karstark|Karstarks]]).{{ref|ASOS|51}}
  
 
====In the Camps====
 
====In the Camps====
Line 79: Line 134:
 
* Ser [[Tytos Frey]] participates in the attack against the northern host's camp.  
 
* Ser [[Tytos Frey]] participates in the attack against the northern host's camp.  
  
===Perpetrator casualties===
+
===Perpetrator Casualties===
* [[Aegon Frey (Jinglebell)|Jinglebell]], throat cut by Lady Catelyn.
+
* [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|Jinglebell]], throat cut by Catelyn.
 
* Ser [[Benfrey Frey]], dies of a wound received during the massacre.
 
* Ser [[Benfrey Frey]], dies of a wound received during the massacre.
 
* Ser [[Tytos Frey]], slain by [[Sandor Clegane]].
 
* Ser [[Tytos Frey]], slain by [[Sandor Clegane]].
* Ser [[Garse Goodbrook]], slain by Sandor Clegane.
+
* Ser [[Garse Goodbrook]], slain by Sandor.
 
* Half a hundred men in the camps.
 
* Half a hundred men in the camps.
  
===Known victims===
+
===Known Victims===
 +
[[File:Zippo514 youngwolf.jpg|The [[Robb Stark|King in the North]] - by Zippo514 ©|thumb|300px|right]]
 
* King [[Robb Stark]], hit by arrows and stabbed through the heart by [[Roose Bolton]].
 
* King [[Robb Stark]], hit by arrows and stabbed through the heart by [[Roose Bolton]].
* Lady [[Catelyn Tully]], throat slit by [[Raymund Frey]].
+
* Lady [[Catelyn Stark]], throat slit by [[Raymund Frey]].
 
* Ser [[Wendel Manderly]], takes a crossbow bolt to the mouth.
 
* Ser [[Wendel Manderly]], takes a crossbow bolt to the mouth.
* [[Jon Umber (Smalljon)|Smalljon Umber]], decapitated by Bolton men.
+
* [[Jon Umber (son of Jon)|Smalljon Umber]], Robb's guard, decapitated by Bolton or Karstark men.
* [[Dacey Mormont]], axed in the stomach by [[Ryman Frey]].
+
* [[Dacey Mormont]], Robb's guard, axed in the stomach by [[Ryman Frey]].
 
* [[Donnel Locke]], felled by crossbow bolts.
 
* [[Donnel Locke]], felled by crossbow bolts.
 
* [[Owen Norrey]], felled by crossbow bolts.
 
* [[Owen Norrey]], felled by crossbow bolts.
* [[Robin Flint]], surrounded by Freys and stabbed to death.
+
* [[Robin Flint]], Robb's guard, surrounded by Freys and stabbed to death.
 
* [[Lucas Blackwood]], killed by [[Hosteen Frey]].
 
* [[Lucas Blackwood]], killed by [[Hosteen Frey]].
* Unknown [[House Vance|Vance]], killed by [[Black Walder Frey]].
+
* Unknown [[House Vance|Vance]], killed by [[Walder Frey (son of Ryman)|Black Walder Frey]].
 
* Ser [[Raynald Westerling]], wounded by a crossbow bolt before jumping into the river in his attempt to free Grey Wind.
 
* Ser [[Raynald Westerling]], wounded by a crossbow bolt before jumping into the river in his attempt to free Grey Wind.
 
* [[Grey Wind]], hit by several crossbow bolts.
 
* [[Grey Wind]], hit by several crossbow bolts.
 +
* [[House Bracken|Brackens]]{{ref|ADWD|48}}
 +
* [[House Cerwyn|Cerwyns]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
 +
* [[House Dustin|Dustins]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
 +
* [[House Flint|Flints]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
 +
* [[House Piper|Pipers]]{{ref|ASOS|65}}
 +
* [[House Ryswell|Ryswells]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
 +
* [[House Slate|Slates]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
 +
* [[House Smallwood|Smallwoods]]{{ref|ASOS|50}}
 +
* [[House Tallhart|Tallharts]]{{ref|ADWD|46}}
  
===Known captives===
+
===Known Captives===
* Lord [[Edmure Tully]], taken to [[Riverrun]], now hostage at [[Casterly Rock]].
+
* Lord [[Edmure Tully]], taken to [[Riverrun]], now en route to [[Casterly Rock]].
* Lord [[Jon Umber (Greatjon)|Greatjon Umber]]
+
* Lord [[Jon Umber|Greatjon Umber]]
* [[Patrek Mallister]], now hostage at [[Seagard]] with his father.
+
* [[Patrek Mallister]], Robb's guard, now hostage at [[Seagard]] with his father.
 
* Ser [[Marq Piper]]
 
* Ser [[Marq Piper]]
  
 
===Absent===
 
===Absent===
* [[Perwyn Frey|Perwyn]], [[Olyvar Frey|Olyvar]] and [[Alesander Frey]] are all noted as absent. It is believed they were too sympathetic to Robb Stark and his comrades to be involved.
+
* [[Perwyn Frey|Perwyn]], [[Olyvar Frey|Olyvar]], and [[Alesander Frey]] are noted as absent. It is believed they were too sympathetic to Robb Stark and his comrades to be involved.{{ref|ASOS|51}}
* Lord [[Jason Mallister]], [[Galbart Glover]] and Lady [[Maege Mormont]] are sent to [[Greywater Watch]] with a force to find Lord [[Howland Reed]]. Lord Jason later returns to [[Seagard]].
+
* Lord [[Jason Mallister]] is sent from [[Hag's Mire]] to [[Seagard]]. His longships are to bring [[Galbart Glover]] and Lady [[Maege Mormont]] to [[Greywater Watch]] in the [[Neck]] to find Lord [[Howland Reed]].{{ref|ASOS|45}} Jason [[siege of Seagard|surrenders]] Seagard to spare the life of his captured son, [[Patrek Mallister|Patrek]].{{ref|AFFC|38}}
* Ser [[Brynden Tully]] stays behind in command at [[Riverrun]] to defend the [[Riverlands]] as [[Warden of the Southern Marches]], with the aid of the river lords.
+
* Ser [[Brynden Tully]] stays behind at [[Riverrun]] to defend the [[riverlands]] as [[Warden of the Southern Marches]], with the aid of the river lords.{{ref|ASOS|45}}
  
==Influences==
+
==Rewards and Agreements==
[[George R.R. Martin]] has revealed that the inspiration for the Red Wedding came from the [[w:Clan_Douglas#Murder of the Douglas chiefs at Stirling Castle|Black Dinner]].<ref>Historical Influences. (June 20, 2001) [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/Historical_Influences/ So Spake Martin]</ref> <ref>[http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1274/ So Spake Martin. Archon Meeting (October 5-7)] October 05, 2001.</ref>
+
In order to secure their support for the betrayal of [[Robb Stark]], [[Tywin Lannister]] grants not only pardons but also titles and betrothals to the Frey, Bolton, and Spicer conspirators.
The Black Dinner took place in 1440 when William Douglas, the 6th Earl of Douglas, was invited to a dinner with the ten year old King James II of Scotland. After the dinner the Clan Douglas chiefs were taken outside, given a mock trial and beheaded.
 
  
==Quotes about Red Wedding==
+
===Freys===
{{Quote|Mercy!{{ref|ASOS|51}}}} - [[Catelyn Tully]]
+
*Ser [[Emmon Frey]], second son of Lord Walder, is granted [[Riverrun]] with all its lands and incomes, but not the title of [[Lord Paramount of the Trident]] which had been granted to [[Petyr Baelish]]. Emmon had fought for House Lannister since the onset of the War of the Five Kings. [[House Frey of Riverrun]] is thus founded.
 +
*[[Amerei Frey]], who has a claim to the lands of [[House Darry]], is married to Lord [[Lancel Lannister]], thus creating [[House Lannister of Darry]]
 +
*A girl of House Frey is to marry Ser [[Daven Lannister]].
 +
*One of Lord Walder's bastard sons is to marry [[Joy Hill]], bastard daughter of the late [[Gerion Lannister]].
 +
*Lord Walder offers a daughter to Lord [[Wyman Manderly]]. [[Rhaegar Frey|Rhaegar ]] and [[Walder Frey (son of Merrett)|Little Walder Frey]] are to marry [[Wynafryd Manderly|Wynafryd]] and [[Wylla Manderly]], respectively.{{ref|ADWD|19}}
  
 +
===Bolton===
 +
*Lord [[Roose Bolton]] is declared [[Warden of the North]].
 +
*The legitimized [[Ramsay Snow|Ramsay Bolton]] is to marry "[[Jeyne Poole|Arya Stark]]".
  
{{Quote|In the midst of slaughter, the [[Walder Frey|Lord of the Crossing]] sat on his carved oaken throne, watching greedily.{{ref|ASOS|51}}}} - thoughts of [[Catelyn Tully]]
+
===Spicers/Westerlings===
 +
*Ser [[Raynald Westerling]] is promised a bride of Casterly Rock.
 +
*Ser [[Rolph Spicer]] is made [[Lord of Castamere]].
  
 +
==Influences==
 +
[[George R. R. Martin]] has revealed that the inspiration for the Red Wedding came from two events from Scottish history, the [[w:Clan_Douglas#Black Dinner|Black Dinner]] of 1440<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/Historical_Influences/ Historical Influences], June 20, 2001</ref><ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1274/ Archon Meeting (October 5-7)], October 05, 2001.</ref> and the [[w:Massacre of Glencoe|Massacre of Glencoe]] of 1692.<ref>''The Week'': [http://theweek.com/articles/463588/reallife-events-that-inspired-game-thrones-red-wedding The real-life events that inspired Game of Thrones' Red Wedding], June 5, 2013</ref>
  
{{Quote|[[Robb Stark|The boy]] was too wary in the field. He kept his men in good order, and surrounded himself with outriders and [[Robb's personal guard|bodyguards]].{{Ref|asos|53}}}}
+
==Quotes==
- [[Tywin Lannister]] justifies the Red Wedding
+
{{quote|Everything would turn on this marriage. If [[Edmure Tully|Edmure]] and [[Roslin Frey|Roslin]] were happy in one another, if the [[Walder Frey|Late Lord Frey]] could be appeased and his power once more wedded to [[Robb Stark|Robb's]] ...{{ref|ASOS|45}}|[[Catelyn Stark]]'s thoughts}}
  
 +
{{Quote|Was there ever a wedding less joyful?{{ref|ASOS|51}}|[[Catelyn Stark]]'s thoughts}}
  
{{Quote|'''Tyrion:''' So much for [[guest right]].<br>
+
{{quote|Your Grace, the septon has prayed his prayers, some words have been said, and Lord [[Edmure Tully|Edmure's]] wrapped [[Roslin Frey|my sweetling]] in a fish cloak, but they are not yet man and wife. A sword needs a sheath, heh, and a wedding needs a bedding.{{ref|ASOS|51}}|[[Walder Frey]] to [[Robb Stark]]}}
'''Tywin:''' The blood is on [[Walder Frey]]'s hands, not mine.<br>
 
'''Tyrion:''' Walder Frey is a peevish old man who lives to fondle his young wife and brood over all the slights he's suffered. I have no doubt he hatched this ugly chicken, but he would never have dared such a thing without a promise of protection.<br>
 
'''Tywin:''' I suppose you would have spared [[Robb Stark|the boy]] and told Lord Frey you had no need of his allegiance? That would have driven the old fool right back into Stark's arms and won you another year of war. Explain to me why it is more noble to kill ten thousand men in battle than a dozen at dinner. The price was cheap by any measure. The crown shall grant [[Riverrun]] to Ser [[Emmon Frey]] once the [[Brynden Tully|Blackfish]] yields. [[Lancel Lannister|Lancel]] and [[Daven Lannister|Daven]] must marry Frey girls, [[Joy Hill|Joy]] is to wed one of Lord Walder’s natural sons when she's old enough, and [[Roose Bolton]] becomes [[Warden of the North]] and takes home [[Jeyne Poole|Arya Stark]].<br>
 
'''Tyrion''': Arya Stark?  And Bolton? I might have known Frey would not have the stomach to act alone.{{Ref|asos|53}}{{Ref|asos|53}}}}
 
- [[Tyrion Lannister]] and [[Tywin Lannister]]
 
  
 +
{{Quote|In the midst of slaughter, the [[Lord of the Crossing]] sat on his carved oaken throne, watching greedily.{{ref|ASOS|51}}|[[Catelyn Stark]]'s thoughts}}
  
{{Quote|Not murder. It was vengeance, we had a right to our vengeance. It was war. Aegon, we called him [[Jinglebell]], a poor lackwit never hurt anyone, [[Catelyn Tully|Lady Stark]] cut his throat. We lost half a hundred men in the camps. Ser [[Garse Goodbrook]], [[Kyra Frey|Kyra’s]] husband, and Ser Tytos, Jared’s son . . . someone smashed his head in with an axe ... [[Grey Wind|Stark's direwolf]] killed four of our wolfhounds and tore the kennelmaster’s arm off his shoulder, even after we’d filled him full of quarrels ...{{Ref|asos|epilogue}}}}
+
{{Quote|'''Catelyn''': On my honor as a [[House Tully|Tully]], on my honor as a [[House Stark|Stark]], I will trade your boy's life for [[Robb Stark|Robb's]]. A son for a son.<br>
- [[Merrett Frey]]
+
'''Walder''': A son for a son, heh. But [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|that's a grandson]] ... and he never was much use.{{ref|ASOS|51}}|[[Catelyn Stark]] and [[Walder Frey]]}}
  
 +
{{quote|The camp had become a battlefield. No, a butcher's den.{{ref|ASOS|52}}|[[Arya Stark]]'s thoughts}}
  
{{Quote|'''Lem:''' So you sewed [[Grey Wind|his head]] on [[Robb Stark]]'s neck after both o' them were dead.
+
{{quote|[[Roslin Frey|Roslin]] caught a [[Edmure Tully|fine fat trout]]. [[House Frey|Her brothers]] gave her a pair of [[House Stark|wolf pelts]] for her wedding.{{ref|ASOS|53}}|[[Walder Frey]]'s message to [[Tywin Lannister]]}}
'''Merrett:''' [[Walder Frey|My father]] did that. All I did was drink. You wouldn't kill a man for drinking.{{Ref|asos|epilogue}}}}
 
- [[Merrett Frey]] to [[Lem]]
 
  
 +
{{Quote|'''Tywin''': Explain to me why it is more noble to kill ten thousand men in battle than a dozen at dinner. The price was cheap by any measure. The crown shall grant [[Riverrun]] to Ser [[Emmon Frey]] once the [[Brynden Tully|Blackfish]] yields. [[Lancel Lannister|Lancel]] and [[Daven Lannister|Daven]] must marry Frey girls, [[Joy Hill|Joy]] is to wed one of Lord Walder's natural sons when she's old enough, and [[Roose Bolton]] becomes [[Warden of the North]] and takes home [[Jeyne Poole|Arya Stark]].<br>
 +
'''Tyrion''': Arya Stark? And Bolton? I might have known [[Walder Frey|Frey]] would not have the stomach to act alone.{{Ref|asos|53}}{{Ref|asos|53}}|[[Tyrion Lannister]] and [[Tywin Lannister]]}}
  
{{Quote|The Red Wedding was [[Walder Frey|my father]]'s work, and [[Ryman Frey|Ryman's]] and [[Roose Bolton|Lord Bolton's]]. [[Lothar Frey|Lothar]] rigged the tents to collapse and put the crossbowmen in the gallery with the musicians, [[Walder Rivers|Bastard Walder]] led the attack on the camps ...{{Ref|asos|epilogue}}}}
+
{{Quote|'''Merrett''': [[Robb Stark|He]] shamed us, the whole realm was laughing, we had to cleanse the stain on our honor.<br>
- [[Merrett Frey]]
+
'''Lem''': Maybe so. What do a [[brotherhood without banners|bunch o' bloody peasants]] know about a [[lord]]'s honor? We know some about murder, though.<br>
 +
'''Merrett''': Not murder. It was vengeance, we had a right to our vengeance. It was war.{{Ref|asos|epilogue}}|[[Merrett Frey]] and [[Lem]]}}
  
 +
{{Quote|The Red Wedding was [[Walder Frey|my father's]] work, and [[Ryman Frey|Ryman's]] and [[Roose Bolton|Lord Bolton's]]. [[Lothar Frey|Lothar]] rigged the tents to collapse and put the crossbowmen in the gallery with the musicians, [[Walder Rivers|Bastard Walder]] led the attack on the camps ...{{Ref|asos|epilogue}}|[[Merrett Frey]] to [[Lem]]}}
  
{{Quote|'''Jared:''' The Red Wedding was [[Robb Stark|the Young Wolf]]'s work. He changed into a beast before our eyes and tore out the throat of my cousin [[Jinglebell]], a harmless simpleton. He would have slain [[Walder Frey|my lord father]] too, if Ser [[Wendel Manderly|Wendel]] had not put himself in the way.<br>
+
{{Quote|'''Jared''': The Red Wedding was the [[Robb Stark|Young Wolf's]] work. He changed into a beast before our eyes and tore out the throat of my cousin [[Aegon Frey (son of Stevron)|Jinglebell]], a harmless simpleton. He would have slain [[Walder Frey|my lord father]] too, if Ser [[Wendel Manderly|Wendel]] had not put himself in the way.<br>
'''Davos:''' Is it your claim that Robb Stark killed Wendel Manderly?<br>
+
'''Davos''': Is it your claim that Robb Stark killed Wendel Manderly?<br>
'''Jared:''' And many more. Mine own son [[Tytos Frey|Tytos]] was amongst them, and my daughter's husband. When Stark changed into a wolf, his northmen did the same. The mark of the beast was on them all. [[Warg|Wargs]] birth other wargs with a bite, it is well-known. It was all my brothers and I could do to put them down before they slew us all.<br>
+
'''Jared''': And many more. Mine own son [[Tytos Frey|Tytos]] was amongst them, and [[Kyra Frey|my daughter's]] [[Garse Goodbrook|husband]]. When Stark changed into a wolf, his northmen did the same. The mark of the beast was on them all. [[Warg]]s birth other wargs with a bite, it is well-known. It was all my brothers and I could do to put them down before they slew us all.<br>
'''Davos:''' Ser, may I have your name?<br>
+
'''Davos''': Ser, may I have your name?<br>
'''Jared:''' Ser Jared, of [[House Frey]].<br>
+
'''Jared''': Ser Jared, of [[House Frey]].<br>
'''Davos:''' Jared of House Frey, I name you liar.{{Ref|adwd|19}}}}
+
'''Davos''': Jared of House Frey, I name you liar.{{Ref|adwd|19}}|[[Jared Frey]] and [[Davos Seaworth]]}}
- [[Jared Frey]] and [[Davos Seaworth]]
 
  
 +
{{Quote|They speak of wargs and [[skinchangers]] and assert that it was [[Robb Stark]] who slew my [[Wylis Manderly|Wendel]]. The arrogance of it! They do not expect the north to believe their lies, not truly, but they think we must pretend to believe or die. [[Roose Bolton]] lies about his part in the Red Wedding, and [[Ramsay Snow|his bastard]] lies about the [[Sack of Winterfell|fall of Winterfell]]. And yet so long as they held Wylis I had no choice but to eat all this excrement and praise the taste.{{Ref|adwd|29}}|[[Wyman Manderly]] to [[Davos Seaworth]]}}
  
{{Quote|They speak of wargs and [[skinchangers]] and assert that it was Robb Stark who slew my Wendel. The arrogance of it! They do not expect the north to believe their lies, not truly, but they think we must pretend to believe or die. Roose Bolton lies about his part in the Red Wedding, and [[Ramsay Snow|his bastard]] lies about the [[Sack of Winterfell|fall of Winterfell]]. And yet so long as they held [[Wylis Manderly|Wylis]] I had no choice but to eat all this excrement and praise the taste.{{Ref|adwd|29}}}}
+
{{quote|'''Barbrey''': The [[north]] remembers, Frey.<br>
- [[Wyman Manderly]] to [[Davos Seaworth]]
+
'''Aenys''': [[Robb Stark|Stark]] dishonored us. That is what you northmen had best remember.{{ref|ADWD|46}}|[[Barbrey Dustin]] and [[Aenys Frey]]}}
  
 +
{{Quote|[[Robb Stark|Robb]] who had been more a brother to Theon than any son born of [[Balon Greyjoy]]'s loins. Murdered at the Red Wedding, butchered by the [[House Frey|Freys]]. I should have been with him. Where was I? I should have died with him.{{Ref|aDwD|51}}|[[Theon Greyjoy]]'s thoughts}}
  
{{Quote|Robb who had been more a brother to Theon than any son born of [[Balon Greyjoy]]'s loins. Murdered at the Red Wedding, butchered by the [[House Frey|Freys]]. I should have been with him. Where was I? I should have died with him.{{Ref|aDwD|46}}}} - [[Theon Greyjoy]]'s thoughts
+
{{Quote|Some of it can be difficult to do. I mean the Red Wedding was the hardest thing I ever wrote. I wrote [[A Storm of Swords|the entire book]], I skipped over the Red Wedding and wrote all the way to the end, and then I came back and did the Red Wedding, because it was just emotionally difficult to do that. But you know, hopefully, if it's hard to write, it'll be hard to read, too. It’ll affect the reader emotionally. I mean if the reader is just reading the book and terrible things happen, and they just put it aside and say, “What’s for dinner,” you’ve kind of failed. Your characters haven't achieved any reality here. If sad things happen in the book, the readers should be sad about them. And that does involve a certain amount of emotional vulnerability on the part of the writer.<ref>[http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/books/2013-08-29/lonestarcon-3-the-george-r-r-martin-interview/ LoneStarCon 3: The George R. R. Martin Interview]</ref>|[[George R. R. Martin]]}}
  
 +
==See also==
 +
:*[[:Category:Images of the Red Wedding|Images of the Red Wedding]]
  
{{Quote|The Red Wedding was the hardest thing I ever wrote.<ref>[http://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/books/2013-08-29/lonestarcon-3-the-george-r-r-martin-interview/ LoneStarCon 3: The George R. R. Martin Interview]</ref>}} - [[George R. R. Martin]]
+
==Notes==
 +
{{notes}}
  
==References and Notes==
+
==References==
 
{{References|2}}
 
{{References|2}}
{{EnWP|Strongholds of A Song of Ice and Fire|small=yes}}
 
  
===See Also===
+
==External Links==
*Game of Thrones [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnxvUuSzbMI Red Wedding Scene]
+
*[http://gameofthrones.wikia.com/wiki/Red_Wedding Red Wedding] on the [http://gameofthrones.wikia.com/wiki/Main Game of Thrones wiki].
 +
 
  
{{Template:War of the Five Kings}}
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{{War of the Five Kings}}
  
 
[[Category:Events]]
 
[[Category:Events]]
[[Category:War of the Five Kings|Red Wedding]]
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[[Category:House Blackwood battles]]
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[[Category:House Bracken battles]]
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[[Category:House Bolton battles]]
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[[Category:House Cerwyn battles]]
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[[Category:House Dustin battles]]
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[[Category:House Frey battles]]
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[[Category:House Haigh battles]]
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[[Category:House Karstark battles]]
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[[Category:House Locke battles]]
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[[Category:House Mallister battles]]
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[[Category:House Manderly battles]]
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[[Category:House Mormont battles]]
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[[Category:House Norrey battles]]
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[[Category:House Piper battles]]
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[[Category:House Ryswell battles]]
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[[Category:House Slate battles]]
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[[Category:House Smallwood battles]]
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[[Category:House Stark battles]]
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[[Category:House Tallhart battles]]
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[[Category:House Tully battles]]
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[[Category:House Umber battles]]
 
[[Category:Riverlands]]
 
[[Category:Riverlands]]
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[[Category:War of the Five Kings]]
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[[Category:The Twins]]
  
 
[[es:Boda Roja]]
 
[[es:Boda Roja]]

Revision as of 22:14, 6 July 2019

Red Wedding
A Price of Honor nejna.png
The deaths of Robb and Catelyn Stark, by nejna©
Conflict War of the Five Kings
Date 299 AC
Place The Twins, riverlands
Result

Iron Throne victory

  • Robb Stark and most of his loyal soldiers killed
  • Roose Bolton declared the new Warden of the North
Combatants
House Baratheon of King's Landing.svg Iron Throne/ House Baratheon of King's Landing:

House Frey.svg Riverlands, led by House Frey

House Bolton.svg The North, led by House Bolton

House Stark.svg Kingdom of the North and the Trident/ House Stark:

The North

House Tully.svg Riverlands, led by House Tully

Westerlands

Commanders
House Frey.svg Lord Walder Frey
House Bolton.svg Lord Roose Bolton
Walder Rivers.svg Ser Walder Rivers
Robb Stark.svg King Robb Stark
Strength
Thousands of Freys[3]
3,500 Boltons and Karstarks[3]
3,500 Northmen & Rivermen[5]
Casualties
see below
50 Freys in the camps[2]
Unknown Bolton & Karstark casualties
see below
Majority slaughtered

The Red Wedding is a massacre at the wedding feast of Edmure Tully, Lord of Riverrun, and Roslin Frey at the Twins in 299 AC during the War of the Five Kings. The King in the North, Robb Stark, his mother Catelyn, and most of his three thousand five hundred soldiers are slaughtered. The event is orchestrated by its host, Lord Walder Frey, as revenge for Robb's breaking of a marriage pact he made with House Frey, and Walder's conspirator, Lord Roose Bolton. However, Walder would never have gone along with the massacre which violated all the sacred laws of hospitality without the promise of protection from Lord Tywin Lannister, the Hand of the King to Joffrey I Baratheon.

Background

Jeyne Westerling nursing Robb Stark - by Lauren Cannon ©

During the War of the Five Kings, the Freys initially rise in rebellion against the Iron Throne, securing an invaluable strategic position for the northmen. The rebellion is contingent on Robb Stark's betrothal to one of Lord Walder Frey's daughters.[13] However, Lady Sybell Spicer and her brother, Ser Rolph, maneuver Sybell's daughter, Jeyne Westerling, into treating Robb's wounds after the storming of the Crag.[14] Informed of the alleged deaths of his brothers Bran and Rickon after the capture of Winterfell, Robb sleeps with Jeyne and then marries her, a slight that Walder is unlikely to overlook.[15] The Freys at Harrenhal with Lord Roose Bolton are outraged[16] and those at the Crag[15] and Riverrun[17] angrily return to the Twins. After learning of the broken pact, Walder secretly begins corresponding with Roose, who has wed Walder's granddaughter Walda, and Lord Tywin Lannister for terms to bring House Frey back as a supporter of the Iron Throne.

Separately, Robb's mother, Catelyn Stark, releases Tywin's son, Ser Jaime Lannister, from imprisonment at Riverrun, hoping Tyrion Lannister in King's Landing will exchange Jaime for Robb's sisters, Sansa and Arya.[17] En route, however, Vargo Hoat's Brave Companions chop off Jaime's sword hand and bring him to Roose Bolton at Harrenhal.[18] Disavowing the Brave Companions' actions,[19] Roose, whose son Ramsay was responsible for the sack of Winterfell,[20] does not return Jaime to Robb or Lord Edmure Tully, but instead sends Jaime back to his family in King's Landing. Before parting, Jaime and Roose agree to give the other's regards to Robb and Tywin.[21]

A ploy is developed in which Walder lures Robb to the Twins, under the pretense of an invite to another marriage pact, to allegedly forgive Robb's broken vow.[22] The marriage, between Robb's uncle Edmure and Walder's daughter Roslin, is an invitation which Robb cannot decline after already slighting his allies once, since he needs House Frey's assistance for his planned siege of Moat Cailin.[5] Robb leaves Jeyne at Riverrun with his great uncle, Ser Brynden Tully, while he journeys north with thirty-five hundred, mostly northmen with some rivermen in Edmure's retinue.[5]

After Robb and his army arrive at the western castle of the Twins, he apologizes to Walder for his slight and Catelyn Stark asks for bread and salt to secure guest right.[3] Robb, Catelyn, and Edmure are given chambers in the Water Tower between the two castles. Robb's men cross the roaring Green Fork to the eastern shore, where several thousand Freys are encamped amidst three great feast tents.[3] Freys use several wagons and carts as a perimeter wall for the eastern camp's three tents and numerous pavilions.[11] Roose Bolton brings five hundred horse and three thousand foot to the Twins, mostly men from the Dreadfort, as well as some Karstarks whose loyalty is in question after Robb's execution of Lord Rickard Karstark at Riverrun.[3]

Lord Walder forbids Robb from keeping Grey Wind within his castles, since the Lord of the Crossing considers the direwolf dangerous.[6] Separately, the outlaw Sandor Clegane brings Robb's missing sister, Arya, toward the Twins in hopes of a reward.[11]

Wedding Night

After Edmure weds Roslin, Lord Walder hosts a feast for the highborn in one of his castles, while a "bastard feast" for lesser ranks is held in the second castle.[6] Common soldiers celebrate in tents outside the castle. The Freys provide wagons and casks of ale, mead, and wine to their guests.[11][6]

Performed songs include "Alysanne", "Flowers of Spring", "Iron Lances", and "The Queen Took Off Her Sandal, the King Took Off His Crown". A drunken Greatjon Umber bellows "The Bear and the Maiden Fair".[6] Robb dances with Roslin, several other Freys, and Dacey Mormont. Several poor dishes are served, the most appetizing being pink lamb. Roose toasts Walder's grandsons, Big Walder and Little Walder, who are in the care of Roose's son, Ramsay Snow, after the sack of Winterfell.[20] As part of the bedding custom, Edmure and Roslin depart the hall in the company of many guests of the opposite gender.

By using sellswords and knights at the feast disguised as musicians, and getting Robb's men too drunk to fight, Lord Walder Frey is able to coordinate a massacre with little loss to his own men. While the unknowing Edmure beds Roslin,[23] the twin castles and the outlying camp are signalled when the band in Walder's hall begins playing "The Rains of Castamere".[6] Few of the northmen in the hall have a chance to react, and most are butchered on the spot by the musicians' crossbows or Frey knives. Ser Ryman Frey leads Frey men-at-arms with longaxes.

Mailed northmen in shaggy fur cloaks—Boltons and possibly Karstarks—join the Freys, and the betrayers kill many of Robb Stark's personal guard, including Smalljon Umber, Dacey Mormont, and Ser Wendel Manderly. Roose slays Robb, who was previously shot by crossbow bolts, with a thrust to the heart while stating that "Jaime Lannister sends his regards."[6] Catelyn uses a knife to saw the neck of Lord Walder's grandson, the fool Jinglebell, after which Ser Raymund Frey slits Catelyn's throat.[6]

While the Starks are being slaughtered in the hall, the unknowing Edmure impregnates Roslin in a bedchamber.[23] Some guests who had accompanied them, such as the Greatjon, Patrek Mallister, and Ser Marq Piper, are overwhelmed and taken captive.[24] Freys kill Grey Wind in the yard with crossbow quarrels, despite Ser Raynald Westerling's attempt to save the direwolf.[12]

Catelyn cuts Jinglebell's throat. © FFG

In the camp outside the eastern castle, the three specially-rigged feast tents collapse and are set aflame with fire arrows during the slaughter, having been oiled earlier.[1] While drunken northmen burn inside the tents, Bastard Walder Rivers leads armored Frey men-at-arms against Robb's men outside of the tents. Sandor defends Arya against three men, including Ser Garse Goodbrook and Ser Tytos Frey, and the Hound escapes with Arya after knocking the girl unconscious.[1]

Though no definitive count is known, most of Robb's men are killed or captured, while House Frey loses approximately fifty men in the camps.[2]

Robb Stark's body, with Grey Wind's head attached, paraded by the Freys - by Lindsey Burcar

After the battle, the Freys hack and mutilate Robb's body and cut off his head along with that of Grey Wind. In a mockery of Robb's relationship with his direwolf, the Freys sew Grey Wind's head onto Robb's decapitated body and nail a crown atop the direwolf's head.[25] Robb's bronze and iron crown is kept by Ryman Frey.[8] Catelyn is thrown naked into the river in a mockery of House Tully funeral customs.[25] Frey soldiers ride along the Green Fork in search of stray Stark survivors.[10]

Aftermath

Red Wedding artistic depiction by FatherStone ©

When Salladhor Saan tells Stannis Baratheon of the massacre, he reports that the smallfolk call it "The Red Wedding".[26] It ends the northern rebellion, with Roose Bolton being named the Warden of the North for his aid, and several great benefits to House Frey, including the lordship of Riverrun. However, it also destroys what honor is left in the house, as they violated one of the oldest and most sacred traditions of old, the guest right. This leads to antipathy and disgust towards the house by most Westerosi, including their own allies. Additionally, though no other house has dreamed to repeat the breaking of the right, it has left a more lasting stain on the ancient guest right, with safety and security in a strange castle no longer being considered guaranteed.

The Iron Throne gains a number of valuable prisoners which help resolve hostilities around Westeros, and most river lords bend the knee.[27][28] With Edmure Tully captive, Ser Jaime Lannister is able to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the siege of Riverrun. Black Walder Frey threatens to hang Patrek Mallister outside his father's castle which results in Lord Jason's surrender at the siege of Seagard. Greatjon Umber and Ser Marq Piper are held as hostages to ensure their houses' loyalty; Hother Umber allies with Lord Bolton, and Lord Clement Piper is forced to help besiege Riverrun. Lord Jonos Bracken besieges Lord Tytos Blackwood at Raventree.[7] To the displeasure of the Freys, they are informed by Jaime that King Tommen I Baratheon requires that all prisoners taken during the Red Wedding be turned over to the Iron Throne.[12]

The massacre ruins House Frey's reputation. When Edwyn Frey calls those of House Piper who died at the Twins "traitors and rebels", Jaime Lannister tells his Frey allies that they are "twice as treacherous as Piper".[8] Bronze Yohn Royce mentions the Freys as an example of guest right violators.[29] Several of Lord Walder Frey's kin have been killed by the Brotherhood Without Banners (under the leadership of Lady Stoneheart, the resurrected Catelyn Stark) or northmen such as Lord Wyman Manderly in retaliation. During the siege of Riverrun Jaime sees Robb's crown worn by Ryman's whore.[8] The crown ends up in the grasp of Lady Stoneheart[30] after Ryman's party is ambushed.[12]

Northmen resent the presence of Freys who traveled with Lord Bolton to Winterfell for the wedding of his son Ramsay, since many lost kin at the Red Wedding.[4] The thousands of sparrows in the capital are especially furious about the massacre and violation of guest right. The small council discusses how to blame the Freys, and not the Iron Throne, for the Red Wedding,[31] as did Tywin before his death.[32]

Frey Version

Depiction of the Red Wedding by Conor Campbell ©

Ser Jared Frey tells Lord Wyman Manderly that, contrary to the true story, the Red Wedding was actually Robb Stark's work. According to the Frey fictionalization, Robb changed into a wolf-man beast before the eyes of the Freys and tore out the throat of Jinglebell, a harmless simpleton. Furthermore, he allegedly would have slain Lord Walder Frey if Ser Wendel Manderly had not put himself in the way. According to this version of the event, the other northmen also turned into wolves to join Robb's attack.[33]

Participants

Architects

Perpetrators

In the Main Hall

In the Camps

  • Ser Walder Rivers leads the attack against the northern host's camp.
  • Ser Garse Goodbrook participates in the attack against the northern host's camp.
  • Ser Tytos Frey participates in the attack against the northern host's camp.

Perpetrator Casualties

Known Victims

The King in the North - by Zippo514 ©

Known Captives

Absent

Rewards and Agreements

In order to secure their support for the betrayal of Robb Stark, Tywin Lannister grants not only pardons but also titles and betrothals to the Frey, Bolton, and Spicer conspirators.

Freys

Bolton

Spicers/Westerlings

Influences

George R. R. Martin has revealed that the inspiration for the Red Wedding came from two events from Scottish history, the Black Dinner of 1440[34][35] and the Massacre of Glencoe of 1692.[36]

Quotes

Everything would turn on this marriage. If Edmure and Roslin were happy in one another, if the Late Lord Frey could be appeased and his power once more wedded to Robb's ...[5]

Catelyn Stark's thoughts

Was there ever a wedding less joyful?[6]

Catelyn Stark's thoughts

Your Grace, the septon has prayed his prayers, some words have been said, and Lord Edmure's wrapped my sweetling in a fish cloak, but they are not yet man and wife. A sword needs a sheath, heh, and a wedding needs a bedding.[6]

In the midst of slaughter, the Lord of the Crossing sat on his carved oaken throne, watching greedily.[6]

Catelyn Stark's thoughts

Catelyn: On my honor as a Tully, on my honor as a Stark, I will trade your boy's life for Robb's. A son for a son.
Walder: A son for a son, heh. But that's a grandson ... and he never was much use.[6]

The camp had become a battlefield. No, a butcher's den.[1]

Arya Stark's thoughts

Roslin caught a fine fat trout. Her brothers gave her a pair of wolf pelts for her wedding.[32]

Tywin: Explain to me why it is more noble to kill ten thousand men in battle than a dozen at dinner. The price was cheap by any measure. The crown shall grant Riverrun to Ser Emmon Frey once the Blackfish yields. Lancel and Daven must marry Frey girls, Joy is to wed one of Lord Walder's natural sons when she's old enough, and Roose Bolton becomes Warden of the North and takes home Arya Stark.
Tyrion: Arya Stark? And Bolton? I might have known Frey would not have the stomach to act alone.[32][32]

Merrett: He shamed us, the whole realm was laughing, we had to cleanse the stain on our honor.

Lem: Maybe so. What do a bunch o' bloody peasants know about a lord's honor? We know some about murder, though.

Merrett: Not murder. It was vengeance, we had a right to our vengeance. It was war.[2]

The Red Wedding was my father's work, and Ryman's and Lord Bolton's. Lothar rigged the tents to collapse and put the crossbowmen in the gallery with the musicians, Bastard Walder led the attack on the camps ...[2]

Jared: The Red Wedding was the Young Wolf's work. He changed into a beast before our eyes and tore out the throat of my cousin Jinglebell, a harmless simpleton. He would have slain my lord father too, if Ser Wendel had not put himself in the way.

Davos: Is it your claim that Robb Stark killed Wendel Manderly?
Jared: And many more. Mine own son Tytos was amongst them, and my daughter's husband. When Stark changed into a wolf, his northmen did the same. The mark of the beast was on them all. Wargs birth other wargs with a bite, it is well-known. It was all my brothers and I could do to put them down before they slew us all.
Davos: Ser, may I have your name?
Jared: Ser Jared, of House Frey.

Davos: Jared of House Frey, I name you liar.[33]

They speak of wargs and skinchangers and assert that it was Robb Stark who slew my Wendel. The arrogance of it! They do not expect the north to believe their lies, not truly, but they think we must pretend to believe or die. Roose Bolton lies about his part in the Red Wedding, and his bastard lies about the fall of Winterfell. And yet so long as they held Wylis I had no choice but to eat all this excrement and praise the taste.[37]

Barbrey: The north remembers, Frey.
Aenys: Stark dishonored us. That is what you northmen had best remember.[4]

Robb who had been more a brother to Theon than any son born of Balon Greyjoy's loins. Murdered at the Red Wedding, butchered by the Freys. I should have been with him. Where was I? I should have died with him.[38]

Theon Greyjoy's thoughts

Some of it can be difficult to do. I mean the Red Wedding was the hardest thing I ever wrote. I wrote the entire book, I skipped over the Red Wedding and wrote all the way to the end, and then I came back and did the Red Wedding, because it was just emotionally difficult to do that. But you know, hopefully, if it's hard to write, it'll be hard to read, too. It’ll affect the reader emotionally. I mean if the reader is just reading the book and terrible things happen, and they just put it aside and say, “What’s for dinner,” you’ve kind of failed. Your characters haven't achieved any reality here. If sad things happen in the book, the readers should be sad about them. And that does involve a certain amount of emotional vulnerability on the part of the writer.[39]

See also

Notes

  1. Burley men are not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding but are earlier mentioned as being part of Roose's host that is attacked by the Mountain's men whilst crossing the Trident, shortly before the Red Wedding.[3] Therefore it can be assumed that the remnants of Houses Burley were present at the Red Wedding.
  2. House Mollen is not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding. However as they were present with Robb at the Whispering Wood it can be assumed they were present at later battles and events in the riverlands and westerlands, including the Red Wedding.
  3. House Slate is not directly mentioned at the Red Wedding. However it is stated by Lady Barbrey Dustin that the Slates campaigned in the riverlands & westerlands with Robb Stark.[4] Therefore it can be assumed that Slates were present at the Red Wedding.
  4. The remnants of House Darry are present with Edmure Tully during the Battle of the Fords, therefore it can be assumed they are part of the host that accompanies Edmure & Robb to the Twins and so is present at the Red Wedding.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 52, Arya XI.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 A Storm of Swords, Epilogue.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 49, Catelyn VI.
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 46, A Ghost in Winterfell.
  5. 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 45, Catelyn V.
  6. 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 51, Catelyn VII.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 48, Jaime I.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 38, Jaime VI.
  9. A Storm of Swords, Appendix.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 65, Arya XII.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 50, Arya X.
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 44, Jaime VII.
  13. A Game of Thrones, Chapter 59, Catelyn IX.
  14. George R. R. Martin's A World of Ice and Fire, Sybell Spicer.
  15. 15.0 15.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 14, Catelyn II.
  16. A Clash of Kings, Chapter 64, Arya X.
  17. 17.0 17.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 2, Catelyn I.
  18. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 31, Jaime IV.
  19. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 37, Jaime V.
  20. 20.0 20.1 A Clash of Kings, Chapter 66, Theon VI.
  21. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 44, Jaime VI.
  22. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 35, Catelyn IV.
  23. 23.0 23.1 A Feast for Crows, Chapter 33, Jaime V.
  24. A Feast for Crows, Appendix.
  25. 25.0 25.1 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 58, Tyrion VII.
  26. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 54, Davos V.
  27. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 62, Jaime VII.
  28. A Storm of Swords, Chapter 72, Jaime IX.
  29. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 23, Alayne I.
  30. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 42, Brienne VIII.
  31. A Feast for Crows, Chapter 17, Cersei IV.
  32. 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 A Storm of Swords, Chapter 53, Tyrion VI.
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 19, Davos III.
  34. So Spake Martin: Historical Influences, June 20, 2001
  35. So Spake Martin: Archon Meeting (October 5-7), October 05, 2001.
  36. The Week: The real-life events that inspired Game of Thrones' Red Wedding, June 5, 2013
  37. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 29, Davos IV.
  38. A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 51, Theon I.
  39. LoneStarCon 3: The George R. R. Martin Interview

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