Timeline of major events

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The recorded history of Westeros extends back over 12,500 years, according to tradition, though the accuracy of the legends and myths that recount much of this history is openly questioned by the maesters of the Citadel, amongst others.

This timeline is dated by years after Aegon's Landing, using negative numbers for events Before Aegon's Landing. Note that 'ca' is an abbreviation for the Latin word 'circa', meaning around, or approximately.
See also: Thorough listing of events after Aegon's Landing.

The Dawn Age

Prehistory Before the coming of men, Westeros is inhabited by mysterious diminutive humanoid creatures known as the children of the forest, giants and magic.
ca.-12,000 The First Men, a human ethnic group, invades Westeros across the Arm of Dorne, Bearing weapons of bronze, leather shields, and horses. The Children of the Forest used magic to raise the seas and sweep away the land, shattering the Arm of Dorne and, thus, reating the island chain known as the Stepstones. but their magic didnt help and the first men had come to stay, who were more numerous, larger, stronger, and more technologically advanced have gradually took control of Westeros.
ca.-10,000 Signing the Pact, After years of warfare, the First Men and Children of the Forest agree to a truce, giving the First Men control of the open lands and the Children of the forested interiors. In time, the First Men adopt the worship of the Old Gods of the Forest.

The Age of Heroes

ca.-10,000 After the sining of the pact, a time during the history of Westeros from which many noble houses trace their family histories.
ca.-8,000 The Long Night, time of a coldest, longest winter and night that lasts a generation, in which race called the Others invade from the distant north, raised up the dead to be their servants in unlife and nearly destroy all men in Westeros.

The War for the Dawn the Children and the First Men rise united to defeat the Others, with Dragonglass weapons, led by a great hero, who in an eastern tradition is named Azor Ahai, and wields a great sword of fire, Lightbringer.

With the Others defeated, legend tells that [Bran the Builder]], with the aid of the giants, First Men, and, perhaps, the children of the forest, raised up the Wall, in the north, a giant fortification of ice and magic, to shelter the realms of men from the menaces of the north, The Sworn Brotherhood of the Night's Watch is created to man and guard it. It's said that the castle of Storm's End is built in the south, and Bran the Builder, also constructs Winterfell and becomes the first King In The North.

The Night's King, Not long after the Wall was complete, the thirteenth Lord Commander of the Night's Watch is seduced by a Wight woman from beyond the Wall and becomes the Night's King, rising in rebellion, with the Watch as his personal army. The Starks in Winterfell and the King Beyond the Wall, Joramun, join forces to defeat the Night's King and restore honour to the Watch. This is the same Joramun who also finds the Horn of Winter, which it is said he uses to awaken giants from the earth.

The Andal Invasion

ca.-6,000 Seven holy beings appear in the Hills of Andalos on the eastern continent, apparently avatars of a supreme god. The people of the hills, known as Andals, become their worshippers.

The Andals, invade Westeros through the arm of drone with steel weapons and their new religion of the Faith of the Seven. They fight both the First Men and the children of the forest, sweeping the land much as the First Men did thousands of years before and finally extinguishing the latter everywhere south of the Wall. After centuries of fighting, the Andals establish six kingdoms in the south, while the north remains in the hands of the First Men, due in large part to the strategically located fortress of Moat Cailin resisting multiple attempts to take it and thereafter serving as the door between North and South.

Age of Valyria

ca.-5,000 Rise of Valyria, Valyria discover dragons lairing in the Fourteen Fires, a great ring of volcanoes across the neck of the Valyrian Peninsula. They tame the dragons and use them to forge a great empire, throwing down the eastern rival of Ghis in warfare five times before it finally capitulates. The Valyrian Freehold is forged.
ca.-1,700 A warrior of Dorne forges a great and powerful sword from a fallen meteorite. The sword, Dawn, becomes the greatest heirloom of House Dayne. The castle of Starfall is named for this occasion.
ca.-700 Rhoynar Invasion, The Valyrian Freehold's slowwestward expansion brings it into conflict with the Rhoynish cities along the great River Rhoyne, a vast waterway. Prince Garin the Great raises an army a quarter-million strong to oppose the Valyrians, but fails utterly.

Rhoynar evacuation, Nymeria, princess of a Rhoynish city, evacuates survivors of Garin's war, women, and children in ten thousand ships that cross the narrow sea and land in Dorne. Winning an alliance with Lord Mors Martell, the Rhoynar unify the fractious land under the rule of Sunspear and establish House Martell as the ruling house of Dorne. Mors adopts the Rhoynish title 'Prince' rather than 'King'. The Rhoynar bring customs such as equal primogeniture, but these are not adopted outside of Dorne. The unification of Dorne under Nymeria and Mors leads to new conflicts with the kingdoms of the Reach and the stormlands, expressed through raids, skirmishes, and the occasional wars over the centuries.

ca.-500 The Valyrian Freehold conquers much of what is now the area of the southern Free Cities. A religious sect, the Moonsingers, lead many thousands of refugees north to a remote northern lagoon protected by encircling mountains and mists, and there found the Secret City of Braavos. They later build the Titan of Braavos, a great statue which also serves as defensive fortification.
ca.-200 The Valyrian Freehold annexes the island of Dragonstone in the narrow sea between the western cities and Westeros. A Valyrian noble family, the Targaryens, take control of the island.
ca.-100 The Doom of Valyria takes place. The nature of the Doom is unclear, save that heavy volcanic activity is involved. The Valyrian Peninsula is shattered and the city of Valyria is laid waste, although not completely destroyed. The dragons of Valyria are virtually wiped out. The Valyrian Freehold fractures apart. The western coastal cities become independent, naming themselves the Free Cities. Braavos reveals itself to the other cities, eventually becoming the most powerful of them through their vast fleet and economic power. The cities of Slaver's Bay become independent again, although Ghiscari power begins building again in the south. The warrior-nomads of the vast eastern plains become more emboldened by the fall of Valyria and their dominant tribe, the Dothraki, begins raiding the surrounding lands. The Targaryens remain safe on Dragonstone, the guardians of possibly the last three dragons in the western world.

Targaryens Dynasty

1 The War of Conquest, where Aegon the Conqueror invades westeros, subdues, and unites six of the seven kingdoms of Westeros under his banner and constructs a new capital city at King's Landing. He is unable to conquer Dorne and allows it to remain sovereign. With the destruction of the Storm King, Argilac the Arrogant, and the death of the last King of the Reach, control of the castle of Storm's End passes to Aegon's bastard half-brother Orys Baratheon, and of Highgarden to Lord Harlen Tyrell. Edmyn Tully of Riverrun is named Lord of the Riverlands and Vickon Greyjoy of Pyke becomes Lord of the Iron Islands.
37 The Faith Militant uprising, On Aegon's death, the Faith of the Seven revolts against the Targaryens. Aenys I assigns his brother and heir, Maegor, to deal with the crisis.
48 Regin of Jaehaerys 'The Conciliator', succeeds King Maegor the Cruel, put an ends to the Faith Militant uprising and brought decades of peace and prosperity to the realm.
129-137 The Dance of the Dragons, War of succession, between Aegon II and his half-sister Rhaenyra Targaryen. Many lesser branches of House Targaryen and most of their dragons are extinguished in the conflict. After Rhaenyra's death, the war continues in the name of her son, Aegon. When Aegon II dies without issue, the war ends by default with Aegon III being crowned. The last Targaryen dragon dies during Aegon III's reign, earning him the name 'Dragonbane'. The dragon leaves behind three stone eggs, which the Targaryens fail to hatch.
157-161 Regin of Daeron I, the Young Dragon, he Conquered Dorne, but was unable to hold it, loosing forty thousand in the process. Daeron's brother, Baelor I, is said to make his peace with Dorne by walking the Boneway barefoot and rescuing his cousin Aemon the Dragonknight from a viper pit.
161-171 Regin of Baelor the Blessed, septon and king. Baelor builds the Great Sept in King's Landing, which afterwards is called the Great Sept of Baelor. Baelor locks his sisters in the Maidenvault of the Red Keep so the sight of them will not tempt him to carnal thoughts. Despite this, his sister Daena the Defiant has an affair with her cousin Aegon (later Aegon IV) and gives birth to a bastard son, Daemon Blackfyre.
ca.170 Prince Daeron, second cousin of Baelor I, and Princess Myriah Martell of Dorne are married and have their first son, Prince Baelor.
172-184 Reign of Aegon IV the Unworthy. On his deathbed Aegon IV legitimises his 'Great Bastards': Daemon Blackfyre, Aegor Rivers, Brynden Rivers and Shiera Seastar. He is succeeded by his son, Daeron II, but his legitimacy is called into question due to his mother's close relationship with Aemon the Dragonknight.
195-196 The Blackfyre Rebellion is fought, which ends at the Battle of the Redgrass Field. Daemon Blackfyre is killed by Bloodraven, but several of his sons escape to the Free Cities with Bittersteel.
197 Dorne formally joins the Seven Kingdoms through the marriage of Daeron II's sister to Prince Maron Martell.
209 The events of The Hedge Knight take place. Prince Baelor 'Breakspear' Targaryen, the heir to the throne, is killed in a tourney mishap. A few months later, King Daeron II and Baelor's two sons die in the Great Spring Sickness. Daeron II's second son, Aerys I, becomes king. Prince Baelor's nephew Aegon becomes squire to a hedge knight, Ser Duncan the Tall, in the hope of improving his mettle.
ca.211 The events of The Sworn Sword take place. House Webber and House Osgrey of the Reach become allies. Bloodraven has become the King's Hand by this time, angering Prince Maekar, brother to Aerys and the late Baelor.
221-233 Reign of Maekar I after Aerys dies with no issue. During Maekar's reign his eldest son Daeron dies of the pox and his second son Aerion "Brightflame" dies after drinking wildfire. His third son, Aemon, journeys to Oldtown to become a maester. Maekar dies battling an outlaw king. Aemon refuses the crown and removes himself to the Wall. Prince Aegon becomes Aegon V, the Unlikely as he is the fourth son of a fourth son. Bloodraven is exiled to the Wall, later becoming Lord Commander.
ca.255-260 The War of the Ninepenny Kings erupts when the Band of Nine, including Maelys Blackfyre, conquers the Free City of Tyrosh and the Stepstones before plotting an attack on the Seven Kingdoms. Barristan Selmy kills Maelys. Brynden Tully distinguishes himself in the war.
259-262 The Tragedy of Summerhall. The Targaryen summer palace burns down. King Aegon V and others are killed. Prince Rhaegar Targaryen is born to Aegon's grandson Prince Aerys and his sister-wife Rhaella. Jaehaerys II succeeds Aegon but dies only a few years later. Aerys II becomes king, naming the young Tywin Lannister as his Hand.
ca.270-280 King Aerys spurns Tywin Lannister's offer of his daughter Cersei for Prince Rhaegar, instead marrying Rhaegar to Princess Elia Martell of Dorne. The Defiance of Duskendale takes place when House Darklyn refuses to pay taxes to the Iron Throne. Aerys, eager to sort out the situation himself, ends up being taken prisoner. Duskendale is besieged for six months before Barristan Selmy manages to free the king. House Darklyn is destroyed and House Rykker takes over the town. It is said that it was the Defiance that began Aerys' descent into madness. Around this time Prince Rhaegar begins corresponding with Maester Aemon and ponders if he is the "Prince Who Was Promised", who shall be reborn to fight the great darkness when it returns. Later they conclude the prince is actually Rhaegar's baby son, Aegon.

Robert's Rebellion

281 The Year of False Spring. Defeat of the Kingswood Brotherhood by a number of knights commanded by a detachment of the Kingsguard. Arthur Dayne kills the leader of the Brotherhood. Jaime Lannister distinguishes himself in the battle and is knighted. Lord Whent holds a great Tourney at Harrenhal, where Prince Rhaegar distinguishes himself in battle, but names Lyanna Stark (betrothed to Robert Baratheon) Queen of Love and Beauty rather than his own wife. Eddard Stark meets and befriends Howland Reed of Greywater Watch. Jaime becomes a member of the Kingsguard and is disinherited by his father. Tywin Lannister resigns the Handship in angry protest and returns to Casterly Rock.
282-283 Robert's Rebellion, Rhaegar Targaryen abducts Lyanna Stark. Lyanna's brother and father demand that Aerys discipline his son, but instead the Mad King kills them both. Aerys demands the heads of Robert Baratheon and Eddard Stark from their ward, Jon Arryn. Instead, Houses Arryn, Stark, and Baratheon raise the standard of rebellion. Robert claims the throne through his descent from his great-grandfather, Aegon V. Robert's Rebellion, also called the War of the Usurper, begins. Hoster Tully agrees to join the rebellion as well. The Tyrells remain loyal to the king and besiege Robert's castle of Storm's End, held by his brother Stannis. The Hand of the King, Jon Connington, is defeated in the Battle of the Bells and is sent into exile in the Free Cities. The rebel army defeats the royalists at the Battle of the Trident. Prince Rhaegar is killed. The Lannisters apparently march to the aid of King Aerys, but instead turn against him and sack the city. King Aerys is killed by Jaime Lannister. Princess Elia Martell and her children, Aegon and Rhaenys Targaryen, are brutally murdered by Lannister bannermen, causing a rift between Eddard Stark and Robert Baratheon. Ned Stark and Howland Reed defeat the Kingsguard holding Lyanna prisoner, only to find her dying. Ned and Robert are reconciled. Robert becomes King of the Seven Kingdoms, marrying Cersei Lannister. Ned returns home to Winterfell with his bastard son, Jon Snow. Loyal Targaryen retainers carry Aerys' two youngest children, Prince Viserys and Princess Daenerys, to safety in the Free Cities.

King Robert's Reign

289AL The Greyjoy Rebellion. Balon Greyjoy names himself King of the Iron Islands. He is defeated and two of his sons are killed. King Robert accepts his surrender and Balon's remaining son, Theon Greyjoy, becomes a ward and hostage of Eddard Stark.
298AL The events of A Song of Ice and Fire begin. The first four novels span a period of two years or more, concluding in the year 300 AL.

References and Notes

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