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Unlike [[w:J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]], who provided detailed instructions for the pronunciation of the [[w:languages of Middle-earth|languages of Middle-earth]], [[George R.R. Martin]] has provided no canonical way of pronouncing Westerosi names, stating "You can pronounce it however you like."<ref>The Citadel. ''US Signing Tour'' (New York City, NY) November 15, 2005 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/2005/11/ So Spake Martin]</ref> However, it is possible to establish some guidelines.
The '''pronunciation''' of names in the [[known world]] is variable. Unlike the academic [[w:J.R.R. Tolkien|J.R.R. Tolkien]], who claimed to have written ''[[w:The Lord of the Rings|The Lord of the Rings]]'' series primarily for the joy of fleshing out the [[w:languages of Middle-earth|invented languages of Middle Earth]],<ref>Peterson, Britt. "[http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/04/05/yes-writing-languages-for-game-thrones-real-job/4eyOZKW5EVL6Mt8qBQJ20L/story.html Yes, Writing Languages for 'Game of Thrones'<!--sic--> Is a Real Job]". ''Boston Globe'', 6 Apr 2014. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> [[George R.R. Martin]] has stated that "I don't have [Tolkien's] gift for languages";<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1250/ Yet More Questions (July 22, 2001)]</ref> that he "came to not care much about pronunciation" during college;<ref name=eek>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/2724 Odyssey Con 2008 (Madison, Wi) (April 06, 2008)]</ref> and that "you can pronounce [the names of the characters] however you like."<ref name=eek/><ref name=naz>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1375 US Signing Tour (New York City, NY) (November 15, 2005)]</ref>


The pronunciation guide uses International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols. See [[w:IPA chart for English|IPA chart for English]] to learn about the symbols, and the [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] article proper for the problems of displaying and entering them.
==Sources==
===Author===
[[George R. R. Martin]] is an [[w:United States|American]] who was born to a family of mixed [[w:Italian-Americans|Italian]] and [[w:Irish-Americans|Irish]] ancestry and grew up in [[w:Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne, New Jersey]]. He attended college and university at [[w:Northwestern University|Northwestern]] in [[w:Evanston, Illinois|Evanston, Illinois]], and now lives in [[w:Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe, New Mexico]], but his accent has been described as remaining a "gravelly New Jersey" one.<ref>Salter, Jessica. "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/game-of-thrones/9945808/Game-of-Thrones-Interview-with-George-RR-Martin.html Game of Thrones<!--No italics sic.-->: Interview with George RR<!--No periods sic.--> Martin]". ''The Telegraph'', 25 Mar 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> While Westeros has regional accents, he only includes elements of them since "that way lies madness";<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/2802 Cyvasse, Accents, Historical Mysteries, and Dornish Nationalism (April 18, 2008)]</ref> therefore, his own pronunciations are probably "wrong".<ref name=albu/> He agrees with those who feel English accents work better for fantasy works: "It is full of castles and lords and swords and knights and all the other trappings we associate with England in [[w:United States|this country]]. It seems natural. It would be hard to do with a group of actors who had thick [[w:Southern_American_English|Southern accents]]".<ref>Wheeler, Brian. "[http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17554816 Why Are Fantasy World Accents British?]" ''BBC News Magazine'', 30 Mar 2012. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref>


==Guidelines==
===''Game of Thrones''===
{{Stub| Incomplete, Confusing and what with all those Guidelines?! I think this section should be reworked.}}
Within the television show ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', accents generally reflect the [[Portal:Geography|region]] and [[Feudalism|class]] of the [[list of Characters|characters]]. (A specific class-based difference noted within the show is that the lords themselves carefully enunciate "my lord" as two words whereas commoners slur them into a monosyllabic "m'lud",{{Ref|HboGoT|s02e07| [[Tywin Lannister]] to [[Arya Stark]]}} which is based on a similar conversation in the books.{{Ref|ADWD|32|[[Roose Bolton]] to [[Theon Greyjoy]]}}) [[Westeros]]i accents generally reflect those of [[w:Great Britain|Britain]], from [[w:Northern English|Northern]] among the [[First Men]] of the [[north]] and [[beyond the Wall]] to [[w:Welsh English|Welsh]] influence in the [[Vale]] to posh [[w:Received Pronunciation|RP]] accents among the [[Andals|Andal]] nobility and clergy of the [[westerlands]] and [[crownlands]]. [[Essos]] comprises the rest of [[w:Eurasia|Eurasia]] and characters from its regions have spoken with [[w:Romance languages|Mediterranean]] ([[Braavos]]), [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] ([[Lorath]]), and loosely [[w:Arabic language|Arabic]] accents ([[Dothraki]]).<ref name=gawk/> The more peculiar accents of the Essos characters reflect that the [[Common Tongue]] (i.e., [[w:British English|English]]) is not their native language.{{Ref|HboGoT|s04e04| [[Daenerys Targaryen|Daenerys]] requests that the leaders of her army begin learning [[Common Tongue]]}} These general differences have several notable exceptions among the [[list of actors of the televised series|actor]]s: [[Eddard Stark]]'s children speak with southern British accents while [[Samwell Tarly]] (from [[Horn Hill]], south of [[Highgarden]]) speaks with [[John Bradley-West]]'s [[w:Manchester, England|Mancunian]] dialect. [[Asshai]] is nowhere near Lorath but [[Melisandre]] speaks with [[Carice van Houten]]'s native [[w:Dutch language|Dutch]] accent.<ref name=gawk>Read, Max. "[http://gawker.com/what-is-going-on-with-the-accents-in-game-of-thrones-485816507 What Is Going on with the Accents in ''Game of Thrones''?]". ''Gawker'', 6 May 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref>


As with every good guide, we need a guide for the guide. Entries marked with:
The show hired the linguist [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]] to flesh out Essos's [[Dothraki language]].<ref name=khahlaysee>Martin, Denise. "[http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/game-of-thrones-dothraki-language-inventor.html Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian from the Man who Invented Them for ''Game of Thrones'']". ''Vulture'', 24 Apr 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref> He then went on to create [[High Valyrian|Valyrian]] from only three phrases appearing in the books: ''[[dracarys]]'', ''[[valar morghulis]]'', and ''[[valar dohaeris]]''. He runs a blog detailing the grammar of the two languages<ref>Peterson, David. ''[http://www.dothraki.com Dothraki: A Language of Fire and Blood]''. Accessed 1 May 2014.</ref> and provides translations of (and audio files for) Martin's books and the actors' lines<ref>Tharoor, Ishaan. "[http://entertainment.time.com/2013/05/03/tongues-of-ice-and-fire-creating-the-languages-of-game-of-thrones/ Tongues of Ice and Fire: Creating the Languages in ''Game of Thrones'']". ''Time'', 3 May 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> but his pronunciations are not necessarily canonical: showrunners opted against his pronunciation of ''[[khaleesi]]'', actors change phrasings and vocalizations, and editors clip sentences during post-production.<ref name=khahlaysee/>
* "GRRM", based on authorial chapter readings and question-and-answer sessions with George R.R. Martin.
 
* ("RD") and ("JL"), based on the [[w:audio book|audio book]] adaptations read by [[w:Roy Dotrice|Roy Dotrice]] ("RD") and John Lee ("JL").
===Audio Books===
* ("RH") indicates the Random House audio interview.<ref>Random House audio interview with GRRM.  
All of the [[w:audiobook|audiobook]]s of the series have now been read by [[w:Roy Dotrice|Roy Dotrice]], [[w:Order of the British Empire|OBE]], the British actor who played [[Hallyne]] the [[Alchemists' Guild|Pyromancer]] in [[Game of Thrones - Season 2|season 2]] of the [[Game of Thrones|television show]]. Owing to scheduling issues, ''[[A Feast for Crows]]'' was also initially read by [[w:John Rafter Lee|John Lee]], who speaks an [[w:Irish English|Irish-tinged]] British English.<ref>[http://www.audiofilemagazine.com/narrators/john-lee/ Narrator Profile: John Lee]". ''AudioFile Magazine''. Accessed 2 May 2014.</ref> Martin credited the audiobooks with having consulted him on most of the 'hard' names and getting them right, but noted that they "then went and got all the easy ones wrong".<ref name=albu/>
[http://a1018.g.akamai.net/f/1018/19019/1d/randomhouse1.download.akamai.com/19019/GeorgeRRMartinInterview.mp3]</ref>
 
* ("FF") indicates the Fast Forward television interview.<ref>Fast Forward video interview with GRRM. [http://www.fast-forward.tv/archive/archive.htm]</ref>
==Guide==
* ("GoT") indicates [[Game of Thrones|the TV show]].
For help understanding the pronunciations, see [[w:Help:IPA for English|IPA for English]]<ref>For further information on IPA, see Wikipedia's article on the [[w:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. The IPA can be somewhat non-intuitive for native English-speakers, particularly since it uses [[w:Great Vowel Shift|continental values for its vowels]].</ref> and the [[w:WP:RESPELL|pronunciation respelling key]] at [[w:Main Page|Wikipedia]].<ref>For further information on respelling, see [[w:pronunciation respelling for English|pronunciation respelling for English]].</ref> For further information on dialectical differences, see [[w:IPA for English dialects|IPA for English dialects]].
* Question marks (?) are probable pronunciations based on extrapolation from canonical pronunciations or from real-world sources.
 
===Characters===
The following abbreviations are employed:
{|
 
|'''Areo Hotah'''  
* {{sc|grrm}}: [[George R.R. Martin]] (kindly provide sources for these)
|GRRM-CBC
* {{sc|hbo}}: the [[Game of Thrones|television show]]
|[{{IPA|'ɑriəʊ həʊ'tɑː}}], sometimes [{{IPA|'həʊtɑ}}]
* {{sc|djp}}: [[w:David J. Peterson|David J. Peterson]], the show's linguist
* {{sc|rd}}: the [[w:Roy Dotrice|Roy Dotrice]] audio books
* {{sc|jl}}: the [[w:John Rafter Lee|John Lee]] audio book of ''[[A Feast for Crows]]''
 
{{anchor|Characters|Names|Given names|given names}}
===Given Names===
{{hatnote|For surnames, see [[#Houses|Houses]] below}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | 
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Aegon|Ægon}} '''[[Aegon]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'ɛɡɔn}}]
| ''{{sc|eg}}-on''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'eɪɡɔn}}]
| ''{{sc|ay}}-gon''
|-
| {{anchor|Aemon|Æmon}} '''[[Aemon (disambiguation)|Aemon]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'eɪmɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|ay}}-mon''
|-
| {{anchor|Aenys|Ænys}} '''[[Aenys]]'''
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|'eɪnɪs}}]
| ''{{sc|ay}}-nis''
|-
| {{anchor|Aerion|Ærion}} '''[[Aerion]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'ɑɹiɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|ar}}-ee-on''
|-
| {{anchor|Aeron|Æron}} '''[[Aeron Greyjoy|Aeron]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}
| [{{IPA|'ɛəɹən}}]
| ''{{sc|air}}-ən'', like [[wikt:Aaron|Aaron]]
|-
| {{anchor|Aerys|Ærys}} '''[[Aerys]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got>''Making Game of Thrones<!--sic-->''. "Inside the Series: [http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/production-diary/2011/2/11/official-pronunciation-guide-for-game-of-thrones.html Official Pronunciation Guide for 'Game of Thrones']<!--sic-->". HBO, 11 Feb 2011.</ref>
| [{{IPA|'eɪɹiz}}]
| ''{{sc|err}}-eez''
|-
| {{anchor|Alliser}} '''[[Alliser Thorne|Alliser]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ælɪsəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|al}}-iss-er''
|-
| {{anchor|Areo}} '''[[Areo Hotah|Areo]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc>[http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/books/george-rr-martin-full-extended-interview.html Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Canadian Broadcast Channel.</ref>
| [{{IPA|'ɑɹiəʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|ar}}-ee-oh''
|-
| {{anchor|Arya}} '''[[Arya Stark|Arya]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=dif>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/4649 Days of Ice and Fire Official Report (November 12, 2010)]</ref><ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/993 Cersei and Homer (September 10, 1999)]</ref><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɑɹjə}}]
| ''{{sc|ar}}-yə'', like [[wikt:are|are]] [[wikt:ya|ya]]
|-
| {{anchor|Arys}} '''[[Arys Oakheart|Arys]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'ɛəɹɪs}}]
| ''{{sc|air}}-iss''
|-
| {{anchor|Baelor}} '''[[Baelor]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'beɪlɔɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|bay}}-lor''
|-
| {{anchor|Balerion}} '''[[Balerion]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|bɑ'lɛəriɒn}}]
| ''bah-{{sc|lair}}-ee-on''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Balon}} '''[[Balon Greyjoy|Balon]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'bælɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|bal}}-on''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'beɪlɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|bay}}-lon''
|-
| {{anchor|Barristan}} '''[[Barristan Selmy|Barristan]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'bɛəɹɪstɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|bair}}-iss-tin'', like [[wikt:bear|bear]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Benjen}} '''[[Benjen Stark (disambiguation)|Benjen]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=var>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1009 Various Pronunciations (October 24, 1998)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|'bɛndʒɛn}}]
| ''{{sc|ben}}-jen''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'bɛndʒɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|ben}}-jin''
|-
| {{anchor|Bran}} '''[[Bran Stark|Bran]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear>''The Bear Swarm! Podcast'', [http://www.bearswarm.com/episode-136-george-r-r-martin-and-a-song-of-ice-and-fire Episode 136&nbsp;&ndash; George R.R. Martin and a Song of Ice and Fire]<!--sic-->. 22 Nov 2010.</ref><ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|bɹæːn}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:bran|bran]]}}''
|-
| rowspan="5" | {{anchor|Brienne}} '''[[Brienne of Tarth|Brienne]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0wHVc6Tkyc Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Random House, Nov 2005.</ref>
| [{{IPA|bɹi'ɛəni}}]
| ''{{sc|bree}}-an-ee''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=naz/><ref name=nyc2/>
| [{{IPA|bɹi'əni}}]
| ''{{sc|bree}}-ə-nee''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|bɹi'ɑn}}]
| ''{{sc|bree}}-an''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}} & {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|bɹi'ɛn}}]
| ''{{sc|bree}}-en''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|bɹaɪ'i:n}}]
| ''bry-{{sc|een}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Caleotte}} '''[[Caleotte]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/>
| [{{IPA|'kæliɒt}}]
| ''{{sc|kal}}-ee-aht''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Catelyn}} '''[[Catelyn Tully|Catelyn]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=berk>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1258 Cody's Signing (Berkley, Ca) (November 11, 2000)]</ref><ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1397 Canadian Signing Tour (Toronto) (January 09, 2006)]</ref><ref name=igot/>
| [{{IPA|'kætəlɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|kat}}-ə-lin''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'kætlɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|kat}}-lin''
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{anchor|Cersei}} '''[[Cersei Lannister|Cersei]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=igot/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/>
| [{{IPA|'sɜɹseɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|serr}}-say''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'sɜɹsi}}]
| ''{{sc|serr}}-see''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|'sɜ:si}}]
| ''{{sc|suh}}-see''
|-
| {{sc|jl}}
| [{{IPA|'sɪəseɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|sih}}-ə-say''
|-
| {{anchor|Chataya}} '''[[Chataya]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon3/>
|
| ''shə-{{sc|ty}}-yə''
|-
| {{anchor|Ch'Vyalthan|Ch'vyalthan|Chvyalthan|ChVyalthan}} '''Ch'Vyalthan'''
| {{sc|got}}{{Ref|HboGoT|s02e08| [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjjNjnzKB2k excerpt]]}}
| {{IPA|ʃ(ə)ˈvaɪlˌθən}}
| ''sh(ə)-{{sc|vyle}}-thən''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Daenerys}} '''[[Daenerys Targaryen|Daenerys]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|də'nɛəɹɪs}}]
| ''də-{{sc|nair}}-iss''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=nyc2>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1372 US Signing Tour (New York, NY) (November 15, 2005)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|deɪn'ɛəɹɪs}}]
| ''dayn-{{sc|air}}-iss''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Damphair}} '''[[Aeron Greyjoy|Damphair]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref>Amazon Books. "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbaslypgyWk George R.R. Martin Answers Facebook Fans' Questions]". YouTube, 12 Jan 2012.</ref> & {{sc|jl}}
| [{{IPA|'dæmphɛəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:damp|damp]]}}-[[wikt:hair|hair]]''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|'dæmfɛəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:damp|dam]]}}-[[wikt:fair|fair]]''
|-
| {{anchor|Dany}} '''[[Daenerys Targaryen|Dany]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'dæni}}]
| ''{{sc|dan}}-nee'', like [[wikt:Danny|Danny]]
|-
| {{anchor|Davos}} '''[[Davos Seaworth|Davos]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=torcon2/><ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'dɑːvoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|dah}}-vohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Dolorous}} '''[[Eddison Tollett|Dolorous]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/>
| [{{IPA|'dɒləɹəs}}]
| ''{{sc|dol}}-ər-əs'', like [[wikt:dollar|dollar]]
|-
| {{anchor|Doran}} '''[[Doran Martell|Doran]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/><ref name=conq>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1336 ConQuest (Kansas City, MO; May 27-29) (May 27, 2005)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|dəʊ'ɹæn}}]
| ''doh-{{sc|ran}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Drogo}} '''[[Drogo]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dɹoʊɡoʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|droh}}-goh''
 
|-
| {{anchor|Eddard}} '''[[Eddard Stark|Eddard]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɛdɑɹd}}]
| ''{{sc|ed}}-dard''
|-
| {{anchor|Elia}} '''[[Elia Martell|Elia]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=conq/>
|
| ''{{sc|el}}-lee-ə''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Euron}} '''[[Euron Greyjoy|Euron]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'jʌɹɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|yur}}-on'', like [[wikt:yer|yer]]&nbsp;[[wikt:on|on]]
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|jɔːɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|yawr}}-on'', like British [[wikt:you're on|you're&nbsp;on]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Gendry}} '''[[Gendry]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɡɪndɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|ghin}}-dree''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|'dʒɪndɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|jin}}-dree''
|-
| {{anchor|Gregor}} '''[[Gregor Clegane|Gregor]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|ɡrə'gɔɹ}}]
| ''grə-{{sc|gor}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Hodor}} '''[[Hodor]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=naz/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'hoʊdɔɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|hoh}}-dor''
|-
| {{anchor|Hoster}} '''[[Hoster]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'hɒstəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|hoss}}-ter''
|-
| {{anchor|Illyrio}} '''[[Illyrio Mopatis|Illyrio]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|ɪ'liɹioʊ}}]
| ''il-{{sc|leer}}-ee-oh''
|-
| {{anchor|Ilyn}} '''[[Ilyn Payne|Ilyn]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɪlɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|il}}-in''
|-
| {{anchor|Irri}} '''[[Irri]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'aɪɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|eye}}-ree''
|-
| {{anchor|Jaime}} '''[[Jaime Lannister|Jaime]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=maester/><ref name=igot/><ref name=dif/><ref name=albu>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1395 US Signing Tour (Albuquerque, NM) (November 29, 2005)]</ref><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'dʒeɪmi}}]
| ''{{sc|jay}}&#8209;mee'',&nbsp;like&nbsp;[[wikt:Jamie|Jamie]]
|-
| {{anchor|Janos}} '''[[Janos Slynt|Janos]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dʒænoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|ja}}-nohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Jeor}} '''[[Jeor Mormont|Jeor]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dʒiɔɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|jee}}-or''
|-
| {{anchor|Jeyne}} '''[[Jeyne]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}{{ref|adwd|37}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|dʒeɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|jayn}}'', like [[wikt:Jane|Jane]]
|-
| {{anchor|Joffrey}} '''[[Joffrey (disambiguation)|Joffrey]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dʒɒfɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|joff}}-ree''
|-
| {{anchor|Jojen}} '''[[Jojen Reed|Jojen]]'''
| &mdash;
| [{{IPA|'dʒəʊdʒən}}]
| ''{{sc|joh}}-jən''
|-
| {{anchor|Jon}} '''[[Jon (disambiguation)|Jon]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|dʒɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|jon}}'', like [[wikt:John|John]]
|-
| {{anchor|Jonquil}} '''[[Jonquil]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1291 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|'dʒɒnkɪl}}]
| ''{{sc|jon}}-kil''
|-
| {{anchor|Jorah}} '''[[Jorah Mormont|Jorah]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dʒɔɹə}}]
| ''{{sc|jor}}-ə''
|-
| {{anchor|Jory}} '''[[Jory Cassel|Jory]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'dʒɔɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|jor}}-ee''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Loras}} '''[[Loras Tyrell|Loras]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'lɔɹɑs}}]
| ''{{sc|lor}}-as''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'lɔɹəs}}]
| ''{{sc|lor}}-əs''
|-
| {{anchor|Luwin}} '''[[Luwin]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'luːwɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|loo}}-win''
|-
| {{anchor|Lyanna}} '''[[Lyanna Stark|Lyanna]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1295 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref>
|
| ''{{sc|ly}}-an-ə''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Lysa}} '''[[Lysa Tully|Lysa]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=var/>
| [laɪsɑː]
| ''{{sc|ly}}-sah''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'laɪsə}}]
| ''{{sc|ly}}-sə''
|-
| {{anchor|Mance}} '''[[Mance Rayder|Mance]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/>
| [{{IPA|mæns}}]
| ''{{sc|mans}}'', like [[wikt:manse|manse]]
|-
| {{anchor|Margaery}} '''[[Margaery Tyrell|Margaery]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|mɑɹdʒəɹi}}]
| ''{{sc|mar}}-jə-ree'', like [[wikt:Margery|Margery]]
|-
| {{anchor|Melisandre}} '''[[Melisandre]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'mɛlɪˌsændrə}}]
| ''{{sc|mel}}-ih-{{sc|san}}-drə''
|-
| {{anchor|Meraxes}} '''[[Meraxes]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|məɹ'ɑksiz}}]
| ''mər-{{sc|ahk}}-seez''
|-
| {{anchor|Missandei}} '''[[Missandei]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/>
| [{{IPA|'misɑndeɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|meess}}-ahn-day''
|-
| {{anchor|Moqorro}} '''[[Moqorro]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'moʊkʰɔroʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|moh}}-kor-roh''
|-
| {{anchor|Mordane}} '''[[Mordane]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'mɔrdeɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|mor}}-dayn''
|-
| {{anchor|Myrcella}} '''[[Myrcella Baratheon|Myrcella]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|məɹ'sɛlə}}]
| ''mər-{{sc|sel}}-ə''
|-
| {{anchor|Ned}} '''[[Eddard Stark|Ned]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/><ref name=igot>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAYtinilywM Inside ''Game of Thrones'' (Dec 5, 2010)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|nɛd}}]
| ''{{sc|ned}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Nymeria}} '''[[Nymeria]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|ni'miɹiə}}]
| ''ny-{{sc|meer}}-ee-ə''
|-
| {{anchor|Oberyn}} '''[[Oberyn Martell|Oberyn]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'oʊbəɹɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|oh}}-bə-rin''
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Petyr}} '''[[Petyr]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1316 To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'pi:təɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|pee}}-tər'', like [[wikt:Peter|Peter]]
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|pɪ'taɪəɹ}}]
| ''pih-{{sc|ty}}-ər'', like [[wikt:tyre|tyre]]
|-
| {{sc|jl}}
| [{{IPA|pə'tɪɹ}}]
| ''pə-{{sc|tir}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Pyat}} '''[[Pyat]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/>
| [{{IPA|'piæt}}]
| ''{{sc|pee}}-at''
|-
| {{anchor|Pycelle}} '''[[Pycelle]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'pisɛl}}]
| ''{{sc|py}}-sel''
|-
| {{anchor|Pyp}} '''[[Pyp]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|pɪp}}]
| ''{{sc|pip}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Qotho}} '''[[Qotho]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'kwoʊθoʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|kwoh}}-thoh''
|-
| {{anchor|Qyburn}} '''[[Qyburn]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'kaɪbʌɹn}}]
| ''{{sc|ky}}-burn''
|-
| {{anchor|Renly}} '''[[Renly Baratheon|Renly]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɹɪnli}}]
| ''{{sc|rin}}-lee''
|-
| {{anchor|Rhaegar}} '''[[Rhaegar Targaryen|Rhaegar]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=may99>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/982 Pronunciations (May 08, 1999)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɹeɪgɑɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|ray}}-gar''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Rhaenys}} '''[[Rhaenys Targaryen|Rhaenys]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
|
| ''{{sc|ray}}-niz'', like [[wikt:knees|knees]]
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
|
| ''ray-{{sc|nēs}}, like [[wikt:niece|niece]]
|-
| {{anchor|Rickon}} '''[[Rickon Stark (disambiguation)|Rickon]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɹɪkɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|rik}}-on''
|-
| {{anchor|Rhllor|R'hllor}} '''[[R'hllor]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}{{ref|asos|34}}<ref>[[Not A Blog]]: [http://grrm.livejournal.com/353313.html?thread=18627617#t18627617 Comment (Jan 20, 2014)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|ɹəlɔr}}]
| ''rə-lor''
|-
| {{anchor|Robb}} '''[[Robb Stark|Robb]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|ɹɑb}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:Rob|rob]]}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Rodrik}} '''[[Rodrik]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɹɑːdɹɪk}}]
| ''{{sc|rah}}-drik''
|-
| {{anchor|Samwell}} '''[[Samwell]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'sæmwɛl}}]
| ''{{sc|sam}}-wel''
|-
|-
|'''Arya'''  
| {{anchor|Sandor}} '''[[Sandor]]'''
|GRRM-FF <br> GoT
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'ɑɹiə}}], like English ''aria'' <br> [{{IPA|'ɑɹjə}}]
| [{{IPA|sændɔɹ}}]
| ''san-{{sc|dor}}''{{refn|The resemblance to a Hungarian name was unintentional.<ref name=tbc/>}}
|-
|-
|'''Benjen'''
| rowspan="4" | {{anchor|Sansa}} '''[[Sansa Stark|Sansa]]'''
|GRRM<ref>The Citadel. ''Various Pronunciations'' October 24, 1998 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/1998/10/ So Spake Martin]</ref>
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/>
|[{{IPA|'bɛndʒɛn}}]
| [{{IPA|'sɔːnsə}}]
| ''{{sc|sawn}}-sə''
|-
|-
|'''Bran'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=dif/><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}
|GRRM-FF
| [{{IPA|'sænsə}}]
|[{{IPA|bɹæn}}], like English ''bran''
| ''{{sc|san}}-sə''
|-
|-
|'''Brienne'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|GRRM-RH <br> RD, JL <br> GoT
| [{{IPA|'sɑːnsə}}]
|[{{IPA|bɹi'ɛni}}]<br>[{{IPA|braɪ'i:n}}]<br>[{{IPA|bɹi'ɛn}}]
| ''{{sc|sahn}}-sə''
|-
|-
|'''Caleotte'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
|GRRM-CBC:
| [{{IPA|'sænzə}}]
|[{{IPA|'kæliɒt}}]
| ''{{sc|san}}-zə''
|-
|-
|'''Catelyn'''  
| {{anchor|Stannis}} '''[[Stannis Baratheon|Stannis]]'''
|GRRM, GoT
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/><ref name=maester>TIFF. "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDIZnKujSa4 Higher Learning: Master Class with George R.R. Martin]". TIFF, 13 Dec 2012.</ref>
|[{{IPA|'kætlɪn}}])
| [{{IPA|'stænɪs}}]
| ''{{sc|stan}}-iss''
|-
|-
|'''Cersei'''  
| {{anchor|Syrio}} '''[[Syrio]]'''
|GRRM-RH <br> RD <br> JL
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'sɝseɪ}}]. <br> [{{IPA|'sɜ:si}}]. <br> [{{IPA|'sɪəseɪ}}].
| [{{IPA|'siɹioʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|seer}}-ee-oh''
|-
|-
|'''Daenerys'''  
| {{anchor|Theon}} '''[[Theon]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|dən'ɛɹɪs}}] (?: [{{IPA|deɪ'nɛ:rɪs}}])
| [{{IPA|'θiɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|thee}}-on''
|-
|-
|'''Dany'''  
| {{anchor|Tobho}} '''[[Tobho]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/>
|[{{IPA|'dæni}}]
| [{{IPA|toʊ:'boʊ}}]
| ''toh-{{sc|boh}}''
|-
|-
|'''Davos'''  
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Tommen}} '''[[Tommen]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc/><ref name=torcon2/>
|[{{IPA|'dɑːvos}}]
| [{{IPA|'toʊmən}}]
| ''{{sc|tohm}}&#8209;ən'',&nbsp;like&nbsp;[[wikt:omen|omen]]<ref name=torcon3>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1293 Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)]</ref>
|-
|-
|'''Doran'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|GRRM-CBC
| [{{IPA|'tɑːmən}}]
|[{{IPA|dəʊ'ræn}}]
| ''{{sc|tah}}-mən'', like [[wikt:ramen|ramen]]
|-
|-
|'''Jaime'''
| {{sc|rd}} & {{sc|jl}}
|GRRM-RH
| [{{IPA|'tɒmən}}]
|[{{IPA|'dʒeɪmi}}] (?: [{{IPA|'dʒeɪmɪ}}])
| ''{{sc|tom}}-ən'', like [[wikt:common|common]]
|-
|-
|'''Jojen'''  
| {{anchor|Tyrion}} '''[[Tyrion]]'''
|(?:
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/><ref name=igot/><ref name=dif/><ref name=var/><ref name=nyc2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'dʒəʊdʒən}}])
| [{{IPA|'tɪəɹiən}}]
| ''{{sc|teer}}-ee-ən''
|-
|-
|'''Jon'''  
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Tysha}} '''[[Tysha]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc/>
|[{{IPA|dʒɒn}}],  like English ''John''
| [{{IPA|'tɪʃə}}]
| ''{{sc|tish}}-ə''
|-
|-
|'''Jonquil'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
|GRRM<ref>The Citadel. ''Torcon'' (Toronto, Ontario) August 28-September 1 2003 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/2003/08/ So Spake Martin]</ref>
| [{{IPA|'taɪʃə}}]
|[{{IPA|'dʒɒnkɪl}}]
| ''{{sc|ty}}-shə''
|-
|-
|'''Lysa'''  
| {{anchor|Tywin}} '''[[Tywin]]'''
|GoT
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=dif/><ref name=berk/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'laɪsə}}]) <!-- Also, claimed: GRRM: [laɪsɑː] or [laɪzɑ:]. But: (1) where is the stress? (2) reference, please -->
| [{{IPA|'taɪwɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|ty}}-win''
|-
|-
|'''Petyr'''  
| {{anchor|Varamyr}} '''[[Varamyr]]'''
|GRRM <ref>The Citadel. ''To Be Continued 4'' (Chicago, IL), May 6–8, 2005. [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/2005/05/ So Spake Martin]</ref> <br> RD
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg/>
|[{{IPA|pi:'tɚ}}], like English ''Peter'' <br> [{{IPA|pɪ'taɪə}}]
| [{{IPA|'væɹəmiɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|var}}-ə-meer''
|-
|-
|'''Rhaegar'''
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Varys}} '''[[Varys]]'''
|GRRM<ref>The Citadel. ''Pronunciations'' May 8, 1999 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/1999/05/ So Spake Martin]</ref>, GoT
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/>
|[{{IPA|'ɹeɪgɑɹ}}]
| [{{IPA|'væɹʌs}}]
| ''{{sc|var}}-us''
|-
|-
|'''Rickon'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|GRRM-RH
| [{{IPA|'vɛəɹɪs}}]
|[{{IPA|'ɹɪkɒn}}]
| ''{{sc|vair}}-iss''
|-
|-
|'''Sansa'''
| {{anchor|Vermax}} '''[[Vermax]]'''
|GRRM <br> GoT
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref>"[[The Black Queen]]"</ref>
|[{{IPA|sɔːnsə}}] <br> variously [{{IPA|'sænsə}}], [{{IPA|'sænzə}}] or [{{IPA|'sɑːnsə}}]
|
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:veer|veer]]}}-max''
|-
|-
|'''Tobho'''
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Vhagar}} '''[[Vhagar]]'''
|GRRM<ref>The Citadel. ''Torcon'' (Toronto, Ontario) August 28-September 1 2003 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/2003/08/ So Spake Martin]</ref>
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
|[{{IPA|toʊ:'boʊ}}]
| [{{IPA|'veɪgɑr}}]
| ''{{sc|vay}}-gar''
|-
|-
|'''Tommen'''
| {{sc|djp}}
|GRRM-CBC
| [{{IPA|'vægɑr}}]
|[{{IPA|'toʊmən}}], RD, JL: [{{IPA|'tomən}}]
| ''{{sc|vag}}-ar''
|-
|-
|'''Tyrion'''  
| {{anchor|Victarion}} '''[[Victarion Greyjoy|Victarion]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
|[{{IPA|'tɪɹiən}}] (?: [{{IPA|'tɪrɪən}}])
| [{{IPA|vɪk'tɛəɹiɑn}}]
| ''vik-{{sc|tair}}-ee-ahn''
|-
|-
|'''Tywin'''  
| {{anchor|Viserys}} '''[[Viserys]]'''
|GoT
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'taɪwɪn}}])
| [{{IPA|vɪ'sɛːɹɪs}}]
| ''vih-{{sc|serr}}-iss''
|-
|-
|'''Viserys'''  
| {{anchor|Walder}} '''[[Walder]]'''
|GoT
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|vɪ'sɛːrɪs}}])
| [{{IPA|'wɔldəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|wal}}-dər''
|-
|-
|'''Xaro Xhoan Daxos'''
| {{anchor|Waymar}} '''[[Waymar]]'''
|GoT
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'zaːrəʊ 'zəʊ.æn 'dɒksɒs}}]
| [{{IPA|'weɪmɑɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|way}}-mar''
|-
| {{anchor|Wulfe}} '''[[Wulfe]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'wʊlf}}]
| ''{{sc|wuulf}}'', like [[wikt:wolf|wolf]]
|-
| {{anchor|Xaro Xhoan|Xaro|Xhoan}} '''[[Xaro Xhoan Daxos|Xaro Xhoan]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'zaːɹəʊ 'zəʊ.æn}}]
| ''{{sc|zah}}-roh {{sc|zoh}}-an''
|-
| {{anchor|Ygritte}} '''[[Ygritte]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'igɹɪt}}]
| ''{{sc|ee}}-grit'', like [[wikt:egret|egret]]
|-
| {{anchor|Yoren}} '''[[Yoren]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'jɔəɹɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|yor}}-in'', like [[wikt:you're|you're]]&nbsp;[[wikt:in|in]]
|}
|}


===Houses and surnames===
{{anchor|Houses|Surnames}}
{|
 
|'''[[House Baratheon|Baratheon]]'''  
===Houses and Surnames===
|(?:  
 
|[{{IPA|bə'ræθiən}}])
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | 
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation
|-
| {{anchor|Arryn}} '''[[House Arryn|Arryn]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɛəɹɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|air}}-in''
|-
| {{anchor|Baelish}} '''[[House Baelish|Baelish]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'beɪlɪʃ}}]
| ''{{sc|bay}}-lish''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Baratheon}} '''[[House Baratheon|Baratheon]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/><ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|bɑ'ɹæθiɒn}}]
| ''bah-{{sc|ra}}-thee-on''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|bə'ɹæθiən}}]
| ''bə-{{sc|rath}}-ee-ən''
|-
| {{anchor|Cassel}} '''[[House Cassel|Cassel]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|kəs'ɛl}}]
| ''kəs-{{sc|el}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Clegane}} '''[[House Clegane|Clegane]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|klɪ'ɡeɪn}}]
| ''clih-{{sc|gayn}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Daxos}} '''[[Xaro Xhoan Daxos|Daxos]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'dɒksoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|dok}}-sohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Forel}} '''[[Forel]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|fɔɹ'ɛl}}]
| ''for-{{sc|el}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Frey}} '''[[House Frey|Frey]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon/> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|fɹeɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:fray|fray]]}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Greyjoy}} '''[[House Greyjoy|Greyjoy]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɡɹeɪdʒɔɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|gray}}-joy''
|-
| {{anchor|Hotah}} '''[[Areo Hotah|Hotah]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=cbc>[http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/books/george-rr-martin-full-extended-interview.html Interview with George R.R. Martin]. Canadian Broadcast Channel.</ref>
| [{{IPA|'həʊtɑː}}]
| ''{{sc|hoh}}-tah''
|-
| {{anchor|Lannister}} '''[[House Lannister|Lannister]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'lænɪstəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|lan}}-iss-tər''
|-
| {{anchor|Mormont}} '''[[House Mormont|Mormont]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'mɔrmɒnt}}]
| ''{{sc|mor}}-mont''
|-
| {{anchor|Payne}} '''[[House Payne|Payne]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|peɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|payn}}'', like [[wikt:pain|pain]]
|-
| {{anchor|Rayder}} '''[[Mance Rayder|Rayder]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=lmg>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/4491 Post-Reading Q&A Video (Worldcon) (September 03, 2010)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|ɹeɪdəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|ray}}-dər'', like [[wikt:raider|raider]]
|-
| {{anchor|Royce}} '''[[House Royce|Royce]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɹɔɪs}}]
| like&nbsp;[[wikt:Rolls Royce|Rolls&nbsp;Royce]]
|-
| {{anchor|Seaworth}} '''[[House Seaworth|Seaworth]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'siwəɹθ}}]
| ''{{sc|see}}-wərth''
|-
|-
|'''[[House Frey|Frey]]'''
| {{anchor|Selmy}} '''[[House Selmy|Selmy]]'''
|GRRM<ref>The Citadel. ''Torcon'' (Toronto, Ontario) August 28-September 1 2003 [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Month/2003/08/ So Spake Martin]</ref>
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|freɪ}}]
| [{{IPA|'sɛlmi}}]
| ''{{sc|sel}}-mee'', like [[wikt:sell|sell]] [[wikt:me|me]]
|-
|-
|'''[[House Lannister|Lannister]]'''  
| {{anchor|Slynt}} '''[[House Slynt|Slynt]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|'lænɪstɚ}}]
| [{{IPA|slɪnt}}]
| ''{{sc|slint}}''
|-
|-
|'''[[House Stark|Stark]]'''  
| {{anchor|Snow}} '''[[Snow]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/> & {{sc|hbo}}
|[{{IPA|stɑɹk}}], like English ''stark''
| [{{IPA|snoʊ}}]
| ''{{sc|snoh}}'', like [[wikt:snow|snow]]
|-
|-
|'''[[House Targaryen|Targaryen]]'''  
| {{anchor|Stark}} '''[[House Stark|Stark]]'''
| GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=tiff>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/6181 TIFF: In Conversation With... George R.R. Martin, Parts 1&ndash;3. (March 15, 2012)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|[{{IPA|tɑɹ'gɛɹiən}}] (?: [{{IPA|ta'gɛ:rɪən}}])
| [{{IPA|stɑɹk}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:stark|stark]]}}''
|-
|-
Presumably, bastard names (like ''Snow'' and ''Rivers'') are always pronounced like the corresponding common noun.
| {{anchor|Targaryen}} '''[[House Targaryen|Targaryen]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=berk/><ref name=albu/><ref name=tiff/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|tɑɹ'gɛəɹiən}}]
| ''tar-{{sc|gair}}-ee-ən''
|-
| {{anchor|Tarly}} '''[[House Tarly|Tarly]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'tæɹli}}]
| ''{{sc|tar}}-lee''
|-
| {{anchor|Thorne}} '''[[House Thorne|Thorne]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'θɔɹn}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:thorn|thorn]]}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Tully}} '''[[House Tully|Tully]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=igot/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'tʌli}}]
| ''{{sc|tul}}-ee''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Tyrell}} '''[[House Tyrell|Tyrell]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'tirɛl}}]
| ''{{sc|ty}}-rel''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'tɪrʌl}}]
| ''{{sc|tih}}-rul''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Velaryon}} '''[[House Velaryon|Velaryon]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}
|
| ''vel-{{sc|ar}}-yun''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}} & {{sc|hbo}}
|
| ''vel-{{sc|ɛr}}-e-on''
|-
| {{anchor|Westerling}} '''[[House Westerling|Westerling]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'wɛstəɹliŋ}}]
| ''{{sc|wes}}-ter-leeng''
|}
|}


===Places===
{{anchor|Places|Peoples}}
{|
 
|'''Asshai'''  
===Places and Peoples===
|RD:
 
|[{{IPA|a'ʃaɪ}}]. JL: [{{IPA|'aʃaɪ}}]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | 
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Andals}} '''[[Andals]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear/>
| [{{IPA|æn'dəlz}}]
| ''an-{{sc|dəlz}}''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ændælz}}]
| ''{{sc|an}}-dalz''
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Asshai}} '''[[Asshai]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|ə'ʃaɪ}}]
| ''ə-{{sc|shy}}''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|a'ʃaɪ}}]
| ''a-{{sc|shy}}''
|-
| {{sc|jl}}
| [{{IPA|'aʃaɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|ash}}-eye''
|-
| {{anchor|Astapor}} '''[[Astapor]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|ɑː'stɑpɔɹ}}]
| ''ah-{{sc|stah}}-por''
|-
| {{anchor|Blackwater}} '''[[Blackwater]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'blækˌwɑtəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|brak}}-{{sc|wah}}-tər''
|-
| {{anchor|Braavos}} '''[[Braavos]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'bɹɑːvoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|brah}}-vohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Moat Cailin|Cailin}} '''[[Moat Cailin]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/>
|
| ''{{sc|moht}} kah-{{sc|lan}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Casterly Rock}} '''[[Casterly Rock]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'kæstəɹli rɑk}}]
| ''{{sc|ka}}-stər-lee rok''
|-
| {{anchor|Dyre Den}} '''[[Dyre Den]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref>[[Not A Blog]]: [http://grrm.livejournal.com/246371.html?thread=14901091#t14901091 Comment (Nov 1, 2011)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|daɪ̯əɹ dɛn}}]
| ''{{sc|dy}}-ər {{sc|[[wikt:den|den]]}}''
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Dothraki}} '''[[Dothraki]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=bear/>
| [{{IPA|dɒθ'rækaɪ}}]
| ''doth-ra-{{sc|kai}}''
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot/>
| [{{IPA|dɒθ'ræki}}]
| ''doth-{{sc|ra}}-kee''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|dɒθ'ræki}}]
| ''doth-{{sc|rak}}-ee''
|-
| {{anchor|Essos}} '''[[Essos]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɛsoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|ess}}-ohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Eyrie|The Eyrie}} '''The [[Eyrie]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'ɪəri}}]
| ''{{sc|eer}}-ee'', like [[wikt:eerie|eerie]]
|-
| {{anchor|Ghis}} '''[[Ghis]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=scot>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1348 Interaction (Glasgow, Scotland, UK; August 4-8) (August 04, 2005)]</ref>
|
| ''{{sc|geess}}'', like [[wikt:geese|geese]]
|-
| {{anchor|Harrenhal}} '''[[Harrenhal]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'hɛəɹɪnhɑːl}}]
| ''{{sc|hair}}-in-hahl''
|-
| {{anchor|Highgarden}} '''[[Highgarden]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=maester/>
| [{{IPA|'haɪˌgɑɹdɪn}}]
| ''{{sc|hy}}-{{sc|gar}}-din''
|-
| {{anchor|Isle of Cedars}} '''[[Isle of Cedars]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'aɪəl əv sidəɹs}}]
| ''{{sc|eye}}-əl əv {{sc|see}}-dərs''
|-
| {{anchor|Lys}} '''[[Lys]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc>[[So Spake Martin]]: [http://www.westeros.org/Citadel/SSM/Entry/1317 To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)]</ref>
| [{{IPA|lis}}]
| ''{{sc|leess}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Meereen}} '''[[Meereen]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|mə'ɹin}}]
| ''mə-{{sc|reen}}'', similar to [[wikt:marine|marine]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Myr}} '''[[Myr]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}
| [{{IPA|'maɪəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|my}}-ər'', like [[wikt:mire|mire]]
|-
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref>''[[House of the Dragon]]'' on Twitter: [https://twitter.com/HouseofDragon/status/1676639576847429632?t=Rdz9khD_QQfVgbB_pkquWg&s=19 Fighting for the Disputed Lands (July 05, 2023)]</ref> & {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'mɪə(ɹ)}}]
| ''{{sc|[[wikt:meer|meer]]}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Pentos}} '''[[Pentos]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'pɛntoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|pen}}-tohs''
|-
| {{anchor|Pyke}} '''[[Pyke]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'paɪk}}]
| ''{{sc|pyk}}''
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|Qarth}} '''[[Qarth]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|kɔrθ}}]
| ''{{sc|korth}}''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|kwɑrθ}}]
| ''{{sc|kwarth}}''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|xɑrθ}}]
| ''{{sc|kharth}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Sept|sept|Sept of Baelor}} '''[[sept]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|sɛpt}}]
| ''{{sc|sept}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Tyrosh}} '''[[Tyrosh]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tbc/>
|
| ''ty-{{sc|rosh}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Vaes Dothrak|Vaes|Dothrak}} '''[[Vaes Dothrak]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'viɪs dɒθ'ræk}}]
| ''{{sc|vy}}-iss doth-{{sc|rak}}''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Valyria}} '''[[Valyria]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|væ'lɛəɹiə}}]
| ''va-{{sc|lair}}-ee-ə''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'vəliɹiə}}]
| ''və-{{sc|leer}}-ee-ə''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|Westeros}} '''[[Westeros]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=rh/><ref name=bear/>
| [{{IPA|'wɛs təɹ oʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|wes}}-tər-ohs''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'wɛs tɛ ɹoʊs}}]
| ''{{sc|wes}}-te-rohs''
|-
|-
|'''Westeros'''  
| {{anchor|Wyk}} '''[[Old Wyk|Old]] and [[Great Wyk|Great Wyk]]'''
|GRRM-RH
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
|[{{IPA|'wɛstəɹos}}]
| [{{IPA|'wɪk}}]
| ''{{sc|wik}}''
|-
| {{anchor|Winterfell}} '''[[Winterfell]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|ˈwɪnˌtəɹfɛl}}]
| ''{{sc|win}}-{{sc|tər}}-fel''
|-
| {{anchor|Yunkai}} '''[[Yunkai]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/>
| [{{IPA|'jʌnkaɪ}}]
| ''{{sc|yun}}-kai''
|}
|}


===Titles===


===Titles===
{| class="wikitable"
{|
|-
|'''Khaleesi'''  
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" |
|(?:  
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Source
|[{{IPA|kə'liːsiː}}])
! scope="col" style="width: 150px; text-align: left;" | IPA
! scope="col" style="width: 250px; text-align: left;" | Pronunciation
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|khal|Khal}} '''[[Khal]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'xɑl}}]
| ''{{sc|khahl}}''
|-
| {{sc|rd}}
| [{{IPA|'kɑɹl}}]
| ''{{sc|karl}}'', like [[wikt:Carl|Carl]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{anchor|khaleesi|Khaleesi}} '''[[Khaleesi]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=torcon2/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'kɑliːsiː}}]
| ''{{sc|kal}}-ee-see''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|kɑː'liːsiː}}]
| ''ka-{{sc|lee}}-see''
|-
| {{sc|djp}}<ref>Peterson, David. ''Dothraki'': "[http://www.dothraki.com/2012/03/developing-canon/#comment-26972 Developing Canon]". 18 Mar 2012.</ref>
| [{{IPA|ˈxaleesi}}]
| ''{{sc|khah}}-lay-ay-see''
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|maester|Maester}} '''[[Maester]]'''
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=var/><ref name=may99/><ref name=torcon2/><ref name=albu/> & {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'meɪstəɹ}}]
| ''{{sc|may}}-stər''
|-
| {{sc|hbo}}
| [{{IPA|'meɪstɝː}}]
| ''{{sc|may}}-sterr''
|-
| {{anchor|Septa|septa}} '''[[Septa]]'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
| [{{IPA|'sɛptə}}]
| ''{{sc|sep}}-tə''
|-
|-
|'''Maester'''  
| rowspan="2" | {{anchor|ser|Ser}} '''[[Ser]]'''
|(?:
| {{sc|grrm}}<ref name=tiff/><ref name=albu/>
|[{{IPA|'meɪstə}}])
| [{{IPA|sɛɹ}}]
| ''serr'', like [[wikt:sir|sir]]
|-
|-
|'''Ser'''
| {{sc|hbo}}<ref name=got/>
|(?:
| [{{IPA|sɛəɹ}}]
|[{{IPA|sɝː}}], like English ''sir'')
| ''sair''
|}
|}
==External links==
* [http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/production-diary/2011/2/11/official-pronunciation-guide-for-game-of-thrones.html HBO's canonical pronunciation guide for their series]


==References and Notes==
==References and Notes==
{{references|3}}
{{references|2}}


{{Languages}}
{{Languages}}
[[Category:Languages]][[zh:发音规范]]
[[Category:Languages]][[zh:发音规范]]

Latest revision as of 20:50, 16 August 2024

The pronunciation of names in the known world is variable. Unlike the academic J.R.R. Tolkien, who claimed to have written The Lord of the Rings series primarily for the joy of fleshing out the invented languages of Middle Earth,[1] George R.R. Martin has stated that "I don't have [Tolkien's] gift for languages";[2] that he "came to not care much about pronunciation" during college;[3] and that "you can pronounce [the names of the characters] however you like."[3][4]

Sources

[edit]

Author

[edit]

George R. R. Martin is an American who was born to a family of mixed Italian and Irish ancestry and grew up in Bayonne, New Jersey. He attended college and university at Northwestern in Evanston, Illinois, and now lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but his accent has been described as remaining a "gravelly New Jersey" one.[5] While Westeros has regional accents, he only includes elements of them since "that way lies madness";[6] therefore, his own pronunciations are probably "wrong".[7] He agrees with those who feel English accents work better for fantasy works: "It is full of castles and lords and swords and knights and all the other trappings we associate with England in this country. It seems natural. It would be hard to do with a group of actors who had thick Southern accents".[8]

Game of Thrones

[edit]

Within the television show Game of Thrones, accents generally reflect the region and class of the characters. (A specific class-based difference noted within the show is that the lords themselves carefully enunciate "my lord" as two words whereas commoners slur them into a monosyllabic "m'lud",[9] which is based on a similar conversation in the books.[10]) Westerosi accents generally reflect those of Britain, from Northern among the First Men of the north and beyond the Wall to Welsh influence in the Vale to posh RP accents among the Andal nobility and clergy of the westerlands and crownlands. Essos comprises the rest of Eurasia and characters from its regions have spoken with Mediterranean (Braavos), Germanic (Lorath), and loosely Arabic accents (Dothraki).[11] The more peculiar accents of the Essos characters reflect that the Common Tongue (i.e., English) is not their native language.[12] These general differences have several notable exceptions among the actors: Eddard Stark's children speak with southern British accents while Samwell Tarly (from Horn Hill, south of Highgarden) speaks with John Bradley-West's Mancunian dialect. Asshai is nowhere near Lorath but Melisandre speaks with Carice van Houten's native Dutch accent.[11]

The show hired the linguist David J. Peterson to flesh out Essos's Dothraki language.[13] He then went on to create Valyrian from only three phrases appearing in the books: dracarys, valar morghulis, and valar dohaeris. He runs a blog detailing the grammar of the two languages[14] and provides translations of (and audio files for) Martin's books and the actors' lines[15] but his pronunciations are not necessarily canonical: showrunners opted against his pronunciation of khaleesi, actors change phrasings and vocalizations, and editors clip sentences during post-production.[13]

Audio Books

[edit]

All of the audiobooks of the series have now been read by Roy Dotrice, OBE, the British actor who played Hallyne the Pyromancer in season 2 of the television show. Owing to scheduling issues, A Feast for Crows was also initially read by John Lee, who speaks an Irish-tinged British English.[16] Martin credited the audiobooks with having consulted him on most of the 'hard' names and getting them right, but noted that they "then went and got all the easy ones wrong".[7]

Guide

[edit]

For help understanding the pronunciations, see IPA for English[17] and the pronunciation respelling key at Wikipedia.[18] For further information on dialectical differences, see IPA for English dialects.

The following abbreviations are employed:

Given Names

[edit]
For surnames, see Houses below


Source IPA Pronunciation
Aegon hbo ['ɛɡɔn] eg-on
hbo ['eɪɡɔn] ay-gon
Aemon grrm[19] ['eɪmɒn] ay-mon
Aenys rd ['eɪnɪs] ay-nis
Aerion grrm[19] ['ɑɹiɒn] ar-ee-on
Aeron grrm ['ɛəɹən] air-ən, like Aaron
Aerys hbo[20] ['eɪɹiz] err-eez
Alliser hbo[20] ['ælɪsəɹ] al-iss-er
Areo grrm[21] ['ɑɹiəʊ] ar-ee-oh
Arya grrm[19][22][23][24] & hbo[20] ['ɑɹjə] ar-yə, like are ya
Arys grrm[19] ['ɛəɹɪs] air-iss
Baelor hbo[20] ['beɪlɔɹ] bay-lor
Balerion grrm[19] [bɑ'lɛəriɒn] bah-lair-ee-on
Balon grrm[19] ['bælɒn] bal-on
hbo ['beɪlɒn] bay-lon
Barristan hbo[20] ['bɛəɹɪstɪn] bair-iss-tin, like bear
Benjen grrm[25] ['bɛndʒɛn] ben-jen
hbo[20] ['bɛndʒɪn] ben-jin
Bran grrm[26][19] [bɹæːn] bran
Brienne grrm[27] [bɹi'ɛəni] bree-an-ee
grrm[4][24] [bɹi'əni] bree-ə-nee
grrm[28] [bɹi'ɑn] bree-an
hbo & rd [bɹi'ɛn] bree-en
rd [bɹaɪ'i:n] bry-een
Caleotte grrm[21] ['kæliɒt] kal-ee-aht
Catelyn grrm[19][29][30][31] ['kætəlɪn] kat-ə-lin
grrm[32] & hbo[20] ['kætlɪn] kat-lin
Cersei grrm[27][19][31][25][24] ['sɜɹseɪ] serr-say
hbo[20] ['sɜɹsi] serr-see
rd ['sɜ:si] suh-see
jl ['sɪəseɪ] sih-ə-say
Chataya grrm[33] shə-ty-yə
Ch'Vyalthan got[34] ʃ(ə)ˈvaɪlˌθən sh(ə)-vyle-thən
Daenerys grrm[27][7] & hbo[20] [də'nɛəɹɪs] də-nair-iss
grrm[24] [deɪn'ɛəɹɪs] dayn-air-iss
Damphair grrm[35] & jl ['dæmphɛəɹ] damp-hair
rd ['dæmfɛəɹ] dam-fair
Dany grrm[27][19] ['dæni] dan-nee, like Danny
Davos grrm[27][32][28] ['dɑːvoʊs] dah-vohs
Dolorous grrm[36] ['dɒləɹəs] dol-ər-əs, like dollar
Doran grrm[21][37] [dəʊ'ɹæn] doh-ran
Drogo hbo[20] ['dɹoʊɡoʊ] droh-goh
Eddard hbo[20] ['ɛdɑɹd] ed-dard
Elia grrm[37] el-lee-ə
Euron grrm[19] ['jʌɹɒn] yur-on, like yer on
rd [jɔːɒn] yawr-on, like British you're on
Gendry hbo[20] ['ɡɪndɹi] ghin-dree
rd ['dʒɪndɹi] jin-dree
Gregor hbo[20] [ɡrə'gɔɹ] grə-gor
Hodor grrm[4] & hbo[20] ['hoʊdɔɹ] hoh-dor
Hoster hbo[20] ['hɒstəɹ] hoss-ter
Illyrio hbo[20] [ɪ'liɹioʊ] il-leer-ee-oh
Ilyn hbo[20] ['ɪlɪn] il-in
Irri hbo[20] ['aɪɹi] eye-ree
Jaime grrm[27][19][28][31][22][7][24] & hbo ['dʒeɪmi] jay‑mee, like Jamie
Janos hbo[20] ['dʒænoʊs] ja-nohs
Jeor hbo[20] ['dʒiɔɹ] jee-or
Jeyne grrm[38][19] [dʒeɪn] jayn, like Jane
Joffrey grrm[19] & hbo[20] ['dʒɒfɹi] joff-ree
Jojen — ['dʒəʊdʒən] joh-jən
Jon grrm[27] & hbo [dʒɒn] jon, like John
Jonquil grrm[36] ['dʒɒnkɪl] jon-kil
Jorah hbo[20] ['dʒɔɹə] jor-ə
Jory grrm[28] & hbo[20] ['dʒɔɹi] jor-ee
Loras grrm[28] ['lɔɹɑs] lor-as
hbo[20] ['lɔɹəs] lor-əs
Luwin hbo[20] ['luːwɪn] loo-win
Lyanna grrm[32] ly-an-ə
Lysa grrm[25] [laɪsɑː] ly-sah
hbo[20] ['laɪsə] ly-sə
Mance grrm[39] [mæns] mans, like manse
Margaery grrm[28] & rd [mɑɹdʒəɹi] mar-jə-ree, like Margery
Melisandre grrm[28] ['mɛlɪˌsændrə] mel-ih-san-drə
Meraxes grrm[19] [məɹ'ɑksiz] mər-ahk-seez
Missandei grrm[32] ['misɑndeɪ] meess-ahn-day
Moqorro grrm[19] ['moʊkʰɔroʊ] moh-kor-roh
Mordane hbo[20] ['mɔrdeɪn] mor-dayn
Myrcella grrm[40] & hbo[20] [məɹ'sɛlə] mər-sel-ə
Ned grrm[28][31] & hbo [nɛd] ned
Nymeria hbo[20] [ni'miɹiə] ny-meer-ee-ə
Oberyn hbo ['oʊbəɹɪn] oh-bə-rin
Petyr grrm[41] & hbo[20] ['pi:təɹ] pee-tər, like Peter
rd [pɪ'taɪəɹ] pih-ty-ər, like tyre
jl [pə'tɪɹ] pə-tir
Pyat grrm[40] ['piæt] pee-at
Pycelle hbo[20] ['pisɛl] py-sel
Pyp hbo[20] [pɪp] pip
Qotho hbo[20] ['kwoʊθoʊ] kwoh-thoh
Qyburn hbo ['kaɪbʌɹn] ky-burn
Renly grrm[28] & hbo[20] ['ɹɪnli] rin-lee
Rhaegar grrm[42] & hbo[20] ['ɹeɪgɑɹ] ray-gar
Rhaenys hbo ray-niz, like knees
hbo ray-nēs, like niece
Rickon grrm[27] & hbo[20] ['ɹɪkɒn] rik-on
R'hllor grrm[43][44] [ɹəlɔr] rə-lor
Robb grrm[31][19] & hbo[20] [ɹɑb] rob
Rodrik hbo[20] ['ɹɑːdɹɪk] rah-drik
Samwell hbo[20] ['sæmwɛl] sam-wel
Sandor hbo[20] [sændɔɹ] san-dor[46]
Sansa grrm[32] ['sɔːnsə] sawn-sə
grrm[22][24] & hbo ['sænsə] san-sə
hbo[20] ['sɑːnsə] sahn-sə
hbo ['sænzə] san-zə
Stannis grrm[39][28] ['stænɪs] stan-iss
Syrio hbo[20] ['siɹioʊ] seer-ee-oh
Theon hbo[20] ['θiɒn] thee-on
Tobho grrm[36] [toʊ:'boʊ] toh-boh
Tommen grrm[21][32] ['toʊmən] tohm‑ən, like omen[33]
hbo[20] ['tɑːmən] tah-mən, like ramen
rd & jl ['tɒmən] tom-ən, like common
Tyrion grrm[27][19][31][22][25][24] & hbo[20] ['tɪəɹiən] teer-ee-ən
Tysha grrm[45] ['tɪʃə] tish-ə
hbo ['taɪʃə] ty-shə
Tywin grrm[22][29] & hbo[20] ['taɪwɪn] ty-win
Varamyr grrm[39] ['væɹəmiɹ] var-ə-meer
Varys grrm[32] ['væɹʌs] var-us
hbo[20] ['vɛəɹɪs] vair-iss
Vermax hbo[47] veer-max
Vhagar grrm[19] ['veɪgɑr] vay-gar
djp ['vægɑr] vag-ar
Victarion grrm[19] [vɪk'tɛəɹiɑn] vik-tair-ee-ahn
Viserys hbo[20] [vɪ'sɛːɹɪs] vih-serr-iss
Walder hbo[20] ['wɔldəɹ] wal-dər
Waymar hbo[20] ['weɪmɑɹ] way-mar
Wulfe grrm[19] ['wʊlf] wuulf, like wolf
Xaro Xhoan hbo ['zaːɹəʊ 'zəʊ.æn] zah-roh zoh-an
Ygritte grrm[28] ['igɹɪt] ee-grit, like egret
Yoren hbo[20] ['jɔəɹɪn] yor-in, like you're in

Houses and Surnames

[edit]
Source IPA Pronunciation
Arryn hbo[20] ['ɛəɹɪn] air-in
Baelish hbo[20] ['beɪlɪʃ] bay-lish
Baratheon grrm[31][19] [bɑ'ɹæθiɒn] bah-ra-thee-on
hbo[20] [bə'ɹæθiən] bə-rath-ee-ən
Cassel hbo[20] [kəs'ɛl] kəs-el
Clegane hbo[20] [klɪ'ɡeɪn] clih-gayn
Daxos hbo ['dɒksoʊs] dok-sohs
Forel hbo[20] [fɔɹ'ɛl] for-el
Frey grrm[36] & hbo [fɹeɪ] fray
Greyjoy grrm[19] & hbo[20] ['ɡɹeɪdʒɔɪ] gray-joy
Hotah grrm[21] ['həʊtɑː] hoh-tah
Lannister grrm[27][19] & hbo[20] ['lænɪstəɹ] lan-iss-tər
Mormont hbo[20] ['mɔrmɒnt] mor-mont
Payne hbo[20] [peɪn] payn, like pain
Rayder grrm[39] [ɹeɪdəɹ] ray-dər, like raider
Royce hbo[20] ['ɹɔɪs] like Rolls Royce
Seaworth grrm[28] ['siwəɹθ] see-wərth
Selmy hbo[20] ['sɛlmi] sel-mee, like sell me
Slynt hbo[20] [slɪnt] slint
Snow grrm[31] & hbo [snoʊ] snoh, like snow
Stark grrm[27][19] & hbo[20] [stɑɹk] stark
Targaryen grrm[27][29][7][19] & hbo[20] [tɑɹ'gɛəɹiən] tar-gair-ee-ən
Tarly hbo[20] ['tæɹli] tar-lee
Thorne hbo[20] ['θɔɹn] thorn
Tully grrm[31] & hbo[20] ['tʌli] tul-ee
Tyrell grrm[28] & hbo ['tirɛl] ty-rel
hbo[20] ['tɪrʌl] tih-rul
Velaryon hbo vel-ar-yun
grrm & hbo vel-ɛr-e-on
Westerling grrm[19] ['wɛstəɹliŋ] wes-ter-leeng

Places and Peoples

[edit]
Source IPA Pronunciation
Andals grrm[26] [æn'dəlz] an-dəlz
hbo[20] ['ændælz] an-dalz
Asshai hbo[20] [ə'ʃaɪ] ə-shy
rd [a'ʃaɪ] a-shy
jl ['aʃaɪ] ash-eye
Astapor grrm[19] [ɑː'stɑpɔɹ] ah-stah-por
Blackwater grrm[28] ['blækˌwɑtəɹ] brak-wah-tər
Braavos hbo[20] ['bɹɑːvoʊs] brah-vohs
Moat Cailin grrm[32] moht kah-lan
Casterly Rock grrm[28] ['kæstəɹli rɑk] ka-stər-lee rok
Dyre Den grrm[48] [daɪ̯əɹ dɛn] dy-ər den
Dothraki grrm[26] [dɒθ'rækaɪ] doth-ra-kai
grrm[40] [dɒθ'ræki] doth-ra-kee
hbo[20] [dɒθ'ræki] doth-rak-ee
Essos hbo[20] ['ɛsoʊs] ess-ohs
The Eyrie hbo[20] ['ɪəri] eer-ee, like eerie
Ghis grrm[40] geess, like geese
Harrenhal hbo[20] ['hɛəɹɪnhɑːl] hair-in-hahl
Highgarden grrm[28] ['haɪˌgɑɹdɪn] hy-gar-din
Isle of Cedars grrm[19] ['aɪəl əv sidəɹs] eye-əl əv see-dərs
Lys grrm[45] [lis] leess
Meereen grrm[19] [mə'ɹin] mə-reen, similar to marine
Myr grrm ['maɪəɹ] my-ər, like mire
grrm[49] & hbo ['mɪə(ɹ)] meer
Pentos hbo[20] ['pɛntoʊs] pen-tohs
Pyke grrm[19] ['paɪk] pyk
Qarth grrm[19] [kɔrθ] korth
hbo[20] [kwɑrθ] kwarth
hbo [xɑrθ] kharth
sept hbo[20] [sɛpt] sept
Tyrosh grrm[45] ty-rosh
Vaes Dothrak hbo[20] ['viɪs dɒθ'ræk] vy-iss doth-rak
Valyria grrm[19] [væ'lɛəɹiə] va-lair-ee-ə
hbo[20] ['vəliɹiə] və-leer-ee-ə
Westeros grrm[27][26] ['wɛs təɹ oʊs] wes-tər-ohs
hbo[20] ['wɛs tɛ ɹoʊs] wes-te-rohs
Old and Great Wyk grrm[19] ['wɪk] wik
Winterfell grrm[19] [ˈwɪnˌtəɹfɛl] win-tər-fel
Yunkai grrm[19] ['jʌnkaɪ] yun-kai

Titles

[edit]
Source IPA Pronunciation
Khal hbo[20] ['xɑl] khahl
rd ['kɑɹl] karl, like Carl
Khaleesi grrm[32] & hbo[20] ['kɑliːsiː] kal-ee-see
hbo [kɑː'liːsiː] ka-lee-see
djp[50] [ˈxaleesi] khah-lay-ay-see
Maester grrm[19][25][42][32][7] & hbo[20] ['meɪstəɹ] may-stər
hbo ['meɪstɝː] may-sterr
Septa hbo[20] ['sɛptə] sep-tə
Ser grrm[19][7] [sɛɹ] serr, like sir
hbo[20] [sɛəɹ] sair
[edit]

References and Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Peterson, Britt. "Yes, Writing Languages for 'Game of Thrones' Is a Real Job". Boston Globe, 6 Apr 2014. Accessed 2 May 2014.
  2. ↑ So Spake Martin: Yet More Questions (July 22, 2001)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 So Spake Martin: Odyssey Con 2008 (Madison, Wi) (April 06, 2008)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (New York City, NY) (November 15, 2005)
  5. ↑ Salter, Jessica. "Game of Thrones: Interview with George RR Martin". The Telegraph, 25 Mar 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
  6. ↑ So Spake Martin: Cyvasse, Accents, Historical Mysteries, and Dornish Nationalism (April 18, 2008)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (Albuquerque, NM) (November 29, 2005)
  8. ↑ Wheeler, Brian. "Why Are Fantasy World Accents British?" BBC News Magazine, 30 Mar 2012. Accessed 2 May 2014.
  9. ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 2, Episode 7: "A Man Without Honor", Tywin Lannister to Arya Stark.
  10. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 32, Reek III, Roose Bolton to Theon Greyjoy.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Read, Max. "What Is Going on with the Accents in Game of Thrones?". Gawker, 6 May 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
  12. ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 4, Episode 4: "Oathkeeper", Daenerys requests that the leaders of her army begin learning Common Tongue.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Martin, Denise. "Learn to Speak Dothraki and Valyrian from the Man who Invented Them for Game of Thrones". Vulture, 24 Apr 2013. Accessed 1 May 2014.
  14. ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: A Language of Fire and Blood. Accessed 1 May 2014.
  15. ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan. "Tongues of Ice and Fire: Creating the Languages in Game of Thrones". Time, 3 May 2013. Accessed 2 May 2014.
  16. ↑ Narrator Profile: John Lee". AudioFile Magazine. Accessed 2 May 2014.
  17. ↑ For further information on IPA, see Wikipedia's article on the International Phonetic Alphabet. The IPA can be somewhat non-intuitive for native English-speakers, particularly since it uses continental values for its vowels.
  18. ↑ For further information on respelling, see pronunciation respelling for English.
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 So Spake Martin: TIFF: In Conversation With... George R.R. Martin, Parts 1–3. (March 15, 2012)
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.50 20.51 20.52 20.53 20.54 20.55 20.56 20.57 20.58 20.59 20.60 20.61 20.62 20.63 20.64 20.65 20.66 20.67 20.68 20.69 20.70 20.71 20.72 20.73 20.74 20.75 20.76 20.77 20.78 20.79 20.80 20.81 20.82 20.83 20.84 20.85 20.86 20.87 Making Game of Thrones. "Inside the Series: Official Pronunciation Guide for 'Game of Thrones'". HBO, 11 Feb 2011.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Canadian Broadcast Channel.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 So Spake Martin: Days of Ice and Fire Official Report (November 12, 2010)
  23. ↑ So Spake Martin: Cersei and Homer (September 10, 1999)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 So Spake Martin: US Signing Tour (New York, NY) (November 15, 2005)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 So Spake Martin: Various Pronunciations (October 24, 1998)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 The Bear Swarm! Podcast, Episode 136 – George R.R. Martin and a Song of Ice and Fire. 22 Nov 2010.
  27. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 Interview with George R.R. Martin. Random House, Nov 2005.
  28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 TIFF. "Higher Learning: Master Class with George R.R. Martin". TIFF, 13 Dec 2012.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 So Spake Martin: Cody's Signing (Berkley, Ca) (November 11, 2000)
  30. ↑ So Spake Martin: Canadian Signing Tour (Toronto) (January 09, 2006)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8 Inside Game of Thrones (Dec 5, 2010)
  32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
  34. ↑ Game of Thrones, Season 2, Episode 8: "The Prince of Winterfell", [excerpt].
  35. ↑ Amazon Books. "George R.R. Martin Answers Facebook Fans' Questions". YouTube, 12 Jan 2012.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 So Spake Martin: Torcon (Toronto, Canada; August 28-September 1) (August 28, 2003)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 So Spake Martin: ConQuest (Kansas City, MO; May 27-29) (May 27, 2005)
  38. ↑ A Dance with Dragons, Chapter 37, The Prince of Winterfell.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 So Spake Martin: Post-Reading Q&A Video (Worldcon) (September 03, 2010)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 So Spake Martin: Interaction (Glasgow, Scotland, UK; August 4-8) (August 04, 2005)
  41. ↑ So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 So Spake Martin: Pronunciations (May 08, 1999)
  43. ↑ A Storm of Swords, Chapter 34, Arya VI.
  44. ↑ Not A Blog: Comment (Jan 20, 2014)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 So Spake Martin: To Be Continued (Chicago, IL; May 6-8) (May 06, 2005)
  46. ↑ The resemblance to a Hungarian name was unintentional.[45]
  47. ↑ "The Black Queen"
  48. ↑ Not A Blog: Comment (Nov 1, 2011)
  49. ↑ House of the Dragon on Twitter: Fighting for the Disputed Lands (July 05, 2023)
  50. ↑ Peterson, David. Dothraki: "Developing Canon". 18 Mar 2012.
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